Communalism In India And Communalism In Modern India

q. This shows that Nationalism still plays a large role in keeping India together, regardless of their diverse religious identities. Secularism

Throughout the years many historians have compilated and examined why Indian people were so desperate to gain back their independence from the British Empire during their rule over India, from 1612 to 1947. The reasoning can most definitely be found as the British discriminated against Indian people as they believe that they were inferior; it is no surprise that Indian people fought so hard for their independence. Throughout the British Raj, they placed and put forward unbelievably racist acts and laws which discriminated against Indian people. Which of course led to Indians to rebel against the British rule and which the British reacted with causing massacres. Explaining the nationalistic many India’s felt during the British Raj.

This manifestation of the conflict is a clear indication of religious exclusivism. The definition of religious exclusivism can be said to be the feeling or the stand that one religious group or members of a religious group take to view the other groups or cults to be the wrong ones. They believe that their religion and their beliefs are the right ones and any other that is outside theirs is

of India, due to which it remained marginalized as an electoral post (not social post) for a while. The primary support of Hindu Nationalism comes from the Northern and Western parts of India. Being a center right movement, it is seen to have major differences with Congress. They are driven by ideology and faith, and are traditionally conservatives. It is seen that they are able to mobilize a large section of the population who trust leaders and parties that use religion as a mobilizing factor. India being a Hindu majority country, has a large Hindu religious voter base and the BJP over the year have been able to mobilize on this portion of the population who are driven by the idea of Hindu nationalism. It is important to remember that even though the Hindu nationalism movement was marginalized electorally during the early years after the Independence, it remained strong and influential throughout society and over there years gradually gained support and electoral posts in Indian politics. The BJP is a party of the strong, meaning that it is an organization run by the educated upper class and is backed by political and economic elites. It follows a dual targeting voter strategy, in which the Party politics takes care of the interests of the upper class (consisting of business and political elites), and then there are social organizations in place that do charity and other social work that takes care of the poor. The BJP as a party has an organization centric party structure.

Tribalism (strong loyalty towards one’s own, and prejudice against other tribes) and favouritism (towards tribal members) deeply entrenched in the political scene  source of unhappiness and unequal opportunities

“In the biggest democratic election ever, Indians dumped a worn-out centrist party and gave a majority of parliamentary seats to a rightwing party and leader, Narendra Modi” (Roskin 344). This democratic election resulting in a new leader for India would not be possible without the partition. This partition lead to independence and democracy nationwide, and this is easily seen in India’s elections.

to see it contextual to briefing according to it has presented and practices. So far the Centre

"We must look after the Muslims and treat them as part of us." This seems like a pleasant statement from Mr. Bal Thackeray, the leader of the Shiv Sena party and a proponent of the Hindutva movement, but it hardly works to conceal the villainous face of the Hindu nationalistic movement he follows. This movement aims to protect the interests of India by enhancing cohesion not only within the Hindu classes but also with other religious communities present in the country. However, this movement has numerous controversies attached to it, out of which, the razing of the Babri Mosque, the land transfer in Kashmir and the Christian massacre in Orissa standout, underlining that this movement is not to protect the secular India, but is for a

The origin of the discussion on secularism in India dates back to the idea of “India” itself. That is why every discussion on secularism also brings in debates on nationalism/nationhood. The India that we see today, with its well defined political and geographical boundaries, that extends from Kashmir to Kanyakumari and from Gujarat to Bengal was the product of independence movement against British. On that fateful eve of August 14, 1947, when the Jawahar Lal Nehru made that eventful speech on ‘tryst with destiny’- when the whole world slept, India awoke to freedom. But what we should not be oblivious about is that it was not only the celebration of India’s independence. It was the day in which a New India was born. For a long time, we were not even one country, but was made up of several kingdoms; there were times when the vast portions of this subcontinent came under one empire; the country was invaded many times by foreigners; some of them settled down here, became Indians and ruled

The conflict in Kashmir appears to most as a bilateral territorial conflict between India and Pakistan. The roots of the conflict are often traced back to August 1947, when the erstwhile British India was partitioned into two new nation-states – India and Pakistan. The foundation of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was the ‘Two-Nation’ theory propounded by Mohammed Ali Jinnah’s, the Leader of the All India Muslim League till August 1947, and then the first Governor-General of Pakistan. The demand for a separate independent state for Muslims living in British India was founded on the apprehension that they shall be prejudiced against in the Hindu-majority state of India. As per the said ‘Two-Nation’ theory, all such states and provinces where the majority of the population was Muslim were to become a part of Pakistan after the British withdrew from India, and the new nation-state of Pakistan was created.

All the respondents were youth below 35 years old. There are two ages categories – one from 18-25 years and other one between 26-35 years old. 60% respondents were in between 18-25 years and remaining 40% were between 26-35 years old. 61% Odisha youth were below 25 years old slight higher than Maharashtra (58%). Whereas 39% Odisha youth were between 26-35 years old slight higher than Maharashtra (42%).

With many different religious, ethnic, and social groups, the Republic of India is a unique and diverse state. Since gaining independence, India has faced a challenge of encouraging the variegated people within its borders to embrace and celebrate a common Indian identity even while nurturing their distinct cultures and traditions. This diversity is reflected throughout social and political challenges in Indian society. Although the different federal states are given a certain amount of leeway to accommodate for the population’s heterogeneity, the central government maintain a great amount of power for purpose of holding the nation together. As India has developed, one of its focuses

The communal politics in India started from 1970s when emergency was declared in India. The Congress was unable to fulfill its promises, conditions of India deteriorated, GDP dumps. Other parties were also unable to deliver the expectation of people, and then BJP comes with communal politics by raising Babri Masjid case. Rathyatra led by Advani is an important event which created enthusiasm in a particular section of community. After Dandi March, this is the one yatra which has succeeded because there were organizations in every level; it was pre-planned and executed carefully which made it successful.

India has many races, nationalities, castes, subscastes and communities but so far the hear of India is concerned it is one. It is true that societies that have been integrated into bonds of unity have always enjoyed peace, stability, prosperity and permanence. And those torn by mutual distruptive tendencies among various sections of the society have always been short lived and become non- existent. The national integration is the process of uniting different people from all walks of life into a single whole. The most serious problem being faced by India in present

Communalism refers to the attitude of favouring one’s own ethnic group. This kind of feeling is also prevalent in Malaysia. For example, the political parties that exist in Malaysia are still on ethnic base. UMNO represents the Malays, MCA and Gerakan represent the Chinese, MIC represents the Indians and many others. Each political party will fight for the interests of its ethnic. It happens in the country where there are some companies refuse to hire those who cannot speak certain language that belongs to one ethnic group.