Communicable Disease Chicken Pox

Unfortunately, current statistics reveal that less than 8% of potential candidates receive this vaccine. Zostavax as a one-time dose for those previously exposed as a two-dose regime for those never exposed to Varicella (Lexi-Comp, Inc, 2016). This vaccine can reduce the severity and duration of attacks by greater than 60% (Lexi-Comp, Inc, 2016).

There is also a vaccine recommended to anyone 50 and older to help prevent the outbreak of shingles.

Finally, there is a vaccine that has been shown to reduce the number of cases of shingles in patients over the age of 60 known as Zostavax. This is a one-time vaccine used to actually prevent the disease. It is given subcutaneously in a patient’s arm. It is important to educate the patient that even though it is a proven immunization for fighting shingles, Medicare Part B (the patient’s medical coverage) does not cover the vaccine. The patient may have Part D coverage (prescription coverage) that will cover the vaccine, however, it must be given at a pharmacy, not a physician’s office or clinic setting. This is confusing for the patient, causing some of them to forego the vaccine altogether. Some patients believe that once they have had the shingles they do not need to get the vaccine. However, this is untrue. As this is a virus that stays within the body even after an outbreak, the best way of preventing further outbreaks is with the immunization. If a patient presents with active skin lesions, the vaccine literature advises waiting until resolution of these lesions prior to receiving the vaccine. As our children have an immunization schedule, it is now becoming practice that our aging adults also have an immunization schedule. This schedule now includes pneumovax (pneumonia vaccine), influenza vaccine, TDaP (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis)

The person that has the shingles has the virus infection and if the blister have not begun to heal and fluid inside leaks or drain and they come in contact with someone who has never had the chicken pox you will then pass the virus varicella zoster that causes chickenpox. If you have had chickenpox you will never have to worry about catching the chickenpox but you are now acceptable to get shingles later in life. As you get older you will want to prevent yourself from getting shingles so you can go to your physician ask to get the vaccine that helps to prevent the shingles from becoming active. Patients that are 55 and over needs to get the vaccine Azzurx this vaccine treatment this is an antiviral medicine that will stop you from acquiring shingles and also treat simplex herpes virus. Without the vaccine you may have reoccurrence of shingles and it can even be more painful than the first episode. So when u reach a certain age you should consider getting the vaccination cause it is recommended if you get it you will reduces the chances of getting shingles and will be less painful and heal faster. The physician will administer this vaccine shot in the arm it may cause pain, soreness and swelling afterwards. It is recommended that if you are around the age 60 or after have been infected with shingles you should

The incubation period for chicken pox is 2-3 weeks (Bishop,P et al. 2010), this is the contagious time before the signs and symptoms start showing, which means the nurse’s daughter, was past the infectious period of the disease. The nurse’s daughter could have had the virus for over a week, and exposed her mother to it during this time. If the nurse developed symptoms a few days after getting Varicella Zoster Immunoglobin, she had already contracted the virus before immuniglobin injection had been administered, thus not able to prevent chickenpox in this case.

Varicella zoster virus is the same virus that causes chickenpox. Therefore, if a person has previously had chickenpox at younger age they are more likely to get Shingles because that same virus is dormant in their body. The virus stays dormant around the nerve tissue of spinal cord for a long time after the person have had chickenpox. The shingles virus can

Grown-ups with shingles may transmit the infection to kids and reason chickenpox. Amid the inert stage, the infection dwells in the dorsal root spinal ganglion or the cranial nerve ganglion. On reactivation, the infection spreads from the ganglia along tangible nerves to fringe nerves of the tactile dermatomes. Assaults of shingles produce cutaneous injuries that take after varicella. In shingles, on the other hand, the ejections are constrained to one or more tangible dermatomes, and the vesicles or bullae may be few. Shingles is difficult, particularly in more established individuals, rather than the effortless vesicles of kids with chickenpox. In the long run the scales over the vesicles quagmire, and indications transmit until another

Ferguson --- based on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention website --- the vaccines are meant to prevent any occurrence of the shingles, so it may be unlikely for any shingles to appear during 5 years of its effectiveness. They had also mentioned how one is still able to receive the vaccine even after having shingles, but it’s suggested to ask ones healthcare provider first. As for why vaccines are approved for adults over 50 ---- based on U.S. Food & Drugs question and answer, they mention how they conduct a study on people ageing from 50 and older and see what effectiveness of both zostavax and placebo have on shingles. Research shows that the vaccine inside the people ages 50-69 were more effective than those aging form 70 -80.

Shingles is characterized by red patches on the skin that turn into blisters several days later, which host the varicella zoster virus. Approximately five days later, the blisters will form a crust that then proceeds to fall off within two to three weeks. This rash may be painful and typically spreads in a narrow area from the spine to the stomach, or spine to chest. Individuals with immune deficiencies may have a more persistent or larger rash

In order to maximize and outbreak of chickenpox they introduce the chicken pox vaccine that you take in one dosage to maximize the outbreak but outbreaks still occur in school setting where most children only receive one dosage but there have been fewer outbreak since the two dosage program was started in the United State (www.CDC.gov).

The person should avoid scratching or rubbing the itchy areas and keep their fingernails short to avoid damaging the skin. The infected person should avoid prolonged exposure to excessive heat and humidity. The use of over- the counter antihistamines or hydrocortisone creams may be recommended for itch relief. Some doctors may prescribe antivirals if the rash began within 24 hours. Antiviral medication is not usually prescribed to otherwise healthy children who do not have severe symptoms. Antivirals are usually prescribed to high-risk groups whom are prone to severe symptoms such as eczema, lung conditions, or who immunocompromised individuals. The infected person should also be advised to avoid aspirin due to association with a serious condition called Reyes syndrome or Ibuprofen due to the association of more severe secondary infections. Tylenol is recommended for fever relief. Some complications that can occur are bacterial infections secondary to scratching, encephalitis, pneumonia and death. The preventions of chickenpox are acquired by vaccination with the varicella vaccine in children, adolescents, and adults, and the herpes zoster vaccine for persons of 60 and older (Maurer&Smith). The Centers for Disease and controls estimates that 95% of Americans will have chickenpox by the time they reach adulthood. The CDC also estimates that there are 4 million cases with a100 deaths and 9300 hospitalizations a

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is an exclusively human virus that belongs to the α-herpes virus family. The VZV present worldwide and is highly infectious. Primary infection leads to acute varicella or “chickenpox”, usually from exposure either through direct contact with a skin lesion or through airborne spread from respiratory droplets [2, 3]. After initial infection, VZV establishes lifelong latency in cranial nerve and dorsal root ganglia, and can reactivate years to decades later as herpes zoster (HZ) or “shingles” [4]. In addition, more than 90% of adults in the United States acquired the disease in childhood, while the majority of children and young adults have been vaccinated with the live virus vaccine [3, 5]. The increasing incidence

Before vaccines were introduced, varicella was endemic in the United States, and virtually all persons acquired varicella at some point before adulthood (cdc.gov, 2006). It is reported that 4 million cases of chickenpox were recorded in the U.S. each year before the vaccine was introduced. Although some states reported cases of varicella to the CDC, it was eliminated from the list of nationally notifiable conditions in 1981. Children under 10 years of age make up between 75 – 90 % of chickenpox cases. In 1995, due to the availability of the vaccine in the U.S., hospitalizations due to chickenpox has declined by nearly 90% (Hambleton, & Gershon, 2005).

Chickenpox is a viral infection caused by the Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) transmitted via the respiratory route that causes itchy, blisters-like rashes usually lasting about 5-10 days. It is highly contagious transmitted by person to person contact (direct) from respiratory secretions or indirectly through contact with airborne respiratory droplets, via soiled inanimate objects infected by discharge from skin lesions, vesicle discharges or nasopharyngeal secretions. The incubation period lasts about 10-21 days and the disease is communicable 1-2 days

Chickenpox can best be prevented by given the dose of varicella vaccine to children, adolescents, adults and the herpes zoster vaccine for people age 60 and above (Maurer & Smith 2013). Generally, people who get the vaccine will not get chickenpox, however, if the vaccinated person get chickenpox, the symptoms is usually mild fever or no fever, fewer red spots or blisters.