Communicable Diseases : Communicable Disease

HIV or the Human Deficiency virus is like other viruses including the flu, but the one thing that makes this virus so different than any other is that the body is unable to clear this one out completely. Once someone is infected, there is no cure. Over time, HIV can also hide or mask itself in the body's cells. The cells within a person's body that fight off infection are called CD4 cells or T cells. HIV attacks these cells and copies or replicates itself inside these cells, then destroys them. HIV over time will destroy so many of these cells that the body is unable to fight off infection anymore. When this starts happening, AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome happens which is the final stage

Communicable disease outbreak occurs when there is a larger then expected incidence of a disease. It can affect a small group or thousands of people in a region. In some instances even just two independent cases can lead to an outbreak, eventually leading to an epidemic, or pandemic which refers to a global outbreak. Measles is a communicable disease that is highly contagious according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The good news is that it is a preventable disease, because there is a vaccine that is available to prevent people from contracting it. One complication that arises is when some people

Communicable diseases spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person. The spread often happens via airborne viruses or bacteria, but also through blood or other bodily fluid. To investigate and present communicable diseases of interest Miami Dade County, the communicable diseases that are mostly seen are hepatitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. To begin with sexually transmitted disease, it seems there's an increased in all categories. Sexually transmitted diseases are caused by a pathogen (e.g. virus, bacterium, parasite or fungus) that is spread through sexual contact. Syphilis incidence rate for primary and secondary syphilis in Miami Dade was 12.6 cases per 100,000 people (Health Council of South Florida, INC., 2011). That is nearly double of the state of Florida rate. In 2012, there was a total of 1,029 cases were 264 was

The Center of Disease Control and Prevention states, “from 2014 to 2015, heroin overdose death rates increased by 20.6%, with nearly 13,000 people dying in 2015.” Overdosing on opioids has drastically increased over the past few years and has caused many deaths. Throughout the United States, many different cases are reported of individuals who have abused these dangerous opioid drugs. Heroin is known as one of the most common opioid drugs which leads people to addiction and can consequently lead to overdosing. Using heroin on a daily base or taking high doses can cause individuals slow down their heart rates, which is threatening to their body. Due to the recurring events of heroin related deaths and overdose, it is vital for people to

A communicable disease chain is the mechanism by which an infective agent or pathogen is transmitted. The chain requires an infective agent, a source of infection, a mode of transmission and a host. An example of an infective agent could be bacteria, a virus, fungus, protozoan or helminth. The source of infective agents can be transmission from host to host, an infected human or animal, insects, soil or livestock. The mode of transmission is how the infective agent is carried from host to host. Transmission can be by air, ingestion or physical contact. To complete a life cycle or to replicate, the infective agent requires a host.

The Center for Infectious Diseases Division of Communicable Disease Control, an Immunization Branch Senate Bill 277 was signed by Governor Brown on June 30, 2015. Effective one year from now in July 2016, SB 277 will no longer permit immunization exemptions based on personal beliefs for children in child care and public and private schools; permit personal belief exemptions submitted before January 1, 2016 to remain valid until a pupil reaches kindergarten or 7th grade.

Throughout nursing school I have been taught that the nursing process includes assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating. This is vital when trying to figure out what is wrong with a client. However what I failed think about is how we learn how to diagnose and treat these patients appropriately. Of course we learn a lot from nursing school teachers and out of books, but where do they get their information. One very important resource is The Center of Disease Control and Prevention, this organization is very influential to the health care system. The Center of Disease Control and Prevention works around the clock to “protect America from health, safety and security threats, both foreign and in the U.S. (ZZZZZ).” They also help other countries fight and treat disease with the hope of one day finding a way to

The objective of this study is to answer how communicable diseases can be broken at a link within the communicable disease chain and to answer whether there are steps nurses can take to facilitate this process. This work will provide a specific example.

My interest in Infectious disease began even before entering residency half way across the world in the unique country of Nepal. Nepal is rich in natural beauty with breath taking landscapes, diverse culture but is also one of the most impoverished. I had the privilege to witness first hand how the dedicated physicians living there do the most with less in one of the most remotest parts of Nepal. Majority of the cases were infectious in nature with differentials including organisms not as prevalent in the US: tuberculosis, typhoid, dengue, malaria, brucellosis and leptospirosis to name a few. What the physicians lacked in resources, they made up their close attention to detail in both the history and the thoroughness of their physical exam. My interest further developed during my residency years where I had the pleasure of working with seasoned infectious disease attendings and was exposed to an array of pathology… even seeing a handful of extremely rare

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 2 in 3 adults are considered to be overweight and 1 in 3 are considered to be obese. That’s approximately 36% of the American population being obese and 74% being overweight. There are many causes to why this can be the case and some medical causes, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. However, the prevalence and widespread acceptance of junk food has made the problem of obesity worse. The government should start regulating junk food as it does with products such as alcohol and cigarettes, which in turn may prevent some people from abusing it or at the very least slow down consumption. Although a tax on junk food realistically won’t cause intake to stop entirely, the revenue gained by the government from this tax could help with health care costs related to the problem, such as treatments for diabetes and obesity, as well as help offer healthy snack alternatives at cheaper prices and make them more readily available.

The article “Declining Biodiversity Speeds Spreading Of Disease” is about an increase of the transmission of disease, due to a decline in biodiversity from the disruption of ecosystems around the world. Not only is it spreading diseases that we are already familiar with, but it also forming is creating new strands of diseases. For example, in 2009 there were thirty thousand new confirmed cases of Lyme disease in the United States. This was believed to be caused by the decline in predators in the ecosystem and an increase of mice, deer and other tick host. Biologist Felicia Keesing, from Bard College has been studying the ecology Lyme disease for years and says the evidence is backing the link between biodiversity and the spread of disease.

This evaluation takes place in the context of enormous global health spending, serious concerns about already strained public finances and worries about lacklustre economic growth. The report also tries to capture the thinking of the business community about the impact of NCDs on their enterprises. Five key messages emerge: • First, NCDs already pose a substantial economic burden and this burden will evolve into a staggering one over the next two decades. For example, with respect to cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, cancer, diabetes and mental health, the macroeconomic simulations suggest a cumulative output loss of US$ 47 trillion over the next two decades. This loss represents 75% of global GDP in 2010 (US$ 63 trillion). It also represents enough money to eradicate two dollar-a-day poverty among the 2.5 billion people in that state for more than half a century. • Second, although high-income countries currently bear the biggest economic burden of NCDs, the developing world, especially middle-income countries, is expected to assume an ever larger share as their economies and populations grow. • Third, cardiovascular disease and mental health conditions are the dominant contributors to the global economic burden of NCDs. • Fourth, NCDs are front and centre on business leaders’ radar. The World Economic Forum’s annual Executive Opinion Survey (EOS), which feeds into its Global Competitiveness Report, shows that about half of all

“Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems (WHO, 2015)”. “Various methods can be used to carry out epidemiological investigations: surveillance and descriptive studies can be used to study distribution; analytical studies are used to study determinants (WHO, 2015)”.This paper discusses about epidemiology of HIV infection, including factors that contribute the development of the disease, epidemiologic triangle, role of community health nurse and the national organization that address the communicable disease.

Because improvements in nutrition and sanitation have been made, many epidemics have ended. As longevity of life increases, chronic diseases have taken the place of infectious disease as the leading cause of death. The different modes of transmission, disease development, and disease spectrum are all important factors to consider when studying the transmission of communicable diseases. It is also important to know about emerging infectious diseases. It is important to be aware of these diseases so that signs of these symptoms can be easily recognizable to provide the best patient care.

Of the many diseases spread by insects, none are actually caused by the insects themselves but by other organisms passed on when they feed or bite. Insects are capable of spreading diseases caused by many different types of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, protozoan and others. Mosquitoes have earned the title of "the most deadly creature on earth." This is due to the fact that they spread serious epidemic diseases such as Malaria, Yellow Fever, African Sleeping Sickness, and West Nile Virus.