Communicable Diseases ( Hiv )

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection is a long-term (chronic) viral infection. HIV kills white blood cells that help to control the body's defense system (immune system) and fight infection. HIV spreads through semen, pre-seminal fluid, blood, breast milk, rectal fluid, and vaginal fluid. HIV is commonly spread through sexual contact and sharing needles or syringes, because these behaviors involve exchanging bodily fluids. Without treatment, HIV can turn into AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), an advanced stage of HIV infection. AIDS is a very serious illness and can be life-threatening.

As a disease, HIV, or the Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a blood-borne virus that is transmitted from person to person via sexual intercourse, mother to child, or intravenous drug paraphernalia. The virus itself causes, usually over a period of time, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, or AIDS. AIDS actually targets the immune system and causes an immunosuppression which makes people who have the virus more susceptible to cancers and infections. This is the most unique feature of the HIV/AIDS virus and is the most deadly since its implications are destructive if not properly treated (Moore 51). The significance of this disease is one that began in the 1980’s and initially was thought to be a virus only found within homosexual communities and was even originally called Gay-Related Immunodeficiency Virus. However, in 1981, it was found that the virus was spreading beyond the gay community when Blacks accounted for 25% of the HIV/AIDs population and a trend began where Blacks continued to contract HIV significantly more than

Dan McClain is a sheriff in Scott County Indiana who opposed needle exchange programs until there was a surge in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreaks that were directly influenced by the drug Opana. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) linking a HIV outbreak to Opana usage within Scott County in Indiana causes the need for extreme attention to this prescription pill. In March of 2011 Scott County experienced eight new HIV cases, and just two months later that number had increased to 81 new cases, causing a significant concern for Dan McClain. He is sheriff within Scott County and wanted to know how he could quickly intercept the worst HIV outbreak Indiana had ever experienced. The untimely involvement of Opana’s in

What is a communicable disease? A communicable disease is carried by microorganisms and transmitted through people, animals, surfaces, foods, or air. Therefore, communicable diseases rely on fluid exchange, contaminated substances, or close contact to travel from an infected carrier to a healthy individual. The disease might need a blood exchange via an injection, float along a sneeze in a movie theater, or transmitted through childbirth. Hence, a human-to-human communicable disease could be passed through blood, mucus, uterine fluid, breast milk, semen, saliva, or breath. Examples of communicable diseases include herpes, malaria, mumps, HIV/AIDS, influenza, chicken pox, ringworm, and whooping cough. Governmental health agencies spend a great deal of time and money studying the risk or spread of various contagious diseases in order to identify outbreaks, prevent reoccurrences, or develop treatments. They compile statistics such as incidence, which measures how many new cases are diagnosed per year, and prevalence, which identifies how many cases exist at any one time. According to Anderson (2011), top 10 communicable diseases exist: Common Cold, Gastroenteritis, Strep throat, Pink Eye, Fifth Disease, Gonorrhea, Hepatitis, Whooping Cough, Rotavirus, and HIV/AIDS. With its mysterious origin and mutation rates, HIV/AIDS warrants a closer analysis.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 50% of youth with HIV in the United States do not know they are infected. (www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/age/youth). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pandemic burden that has inundated the world for decades. Evident populaces persist more vulnerable than others. The control of this potentially lethal virus is possible nonetheless; early detection through screening and adequate treatment is needed to stop the blowout.

AIDS is a condition that develops when a person’s body has been weakened by HIV (the human immunodeficiency virus). HIV can spread through sexual contact or the sharing of needles. When someone has HIV, their immune system is weakened. When the immune system is weakened, an individual is susceptible to opportunistic infections. Kaposi’s Sarcoma, Candidiasis, Cryptococcus, Tuberculosis, Toxoplasmosis, Herpes Simplex, and a few of the opportunistic infections. The CD4 T-cell is slowly invaded. HIV uses the immune cell’s genetic material to reproduce itself and then kills the CD4 T-cell. An individual may not have any symptoms at this time. Once the CD4 T-cell count is below 200, the diagnosis is AIDS.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are lentiviruses (a subgroup of retroviruses) that infect CD4 cells (commonly known as T-cells), macrophages and dendritic cells. The Virus can be transmitted through the rectum, the vagina, the mouth, and the opening of the penis. Only certain fluids contain the virus. They are blood, semen, pre-seminal fluids, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids and breast milk. The HIV virus infects a T-cell, multiplies and eventually the cell explodes. When that happens on a massive scale, your immunity is compromised. That makes it possible for infections, such as the common cold and pneumonia, to thrive. That is usually in the end stages of the disease.

Since the beginning of time, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been plaguing African American communities at an alarmingly higher rate than any other. The initial stereotype was that only homosexual, Caucasian men had this disease (which also helped contribute to the disease even further because blacks did not think that they had the possibility of contracting HIV). Poverty plays a huge role as well because those are the blacks most affected and since they are financially unable to afford proper, necessary treatment, they fall victim to this disease. Even though they may seem or look fine at one point in time, the virus can clearly take over their body once their CD4 cell count diminishes to less than 200 cells. This weakens the immune system and opportunistic infections now have the chance to invade the body and eventually kill the HIV (now AIDS) infected individual.

It has been over 30 years since the first known cases of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) which is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) was reported. HIV attacks and disables the body 's immune system. The virus attacks, the T lymphocyte (T cell), a type of white blood cell. Formed in the bone marrow the T cell helps the body fight off germs and diseases. Once HIV enters the body, it attacks this cell, copies itself and destroys the cell. Being HIV-positive indicates that a person has been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus but does not yet have AIDS. After the white blood cell is destroyed, the virus moves on to the next healthy cell.

Infectious disease has been the kryptonite to mankind. There is a large variety from regular flus to internally damaging diseases, and Ebola and HIV/Aids fall into the categories as one of the tougher diseases. Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the earlier stages of aids, it is a virus that either destroys or impairs the functions of the immune system cells. The last stage of HIV is the Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) which is when the immune system is defenseless to normal infections which now can be deadly. Ebola generally does the same thing as HIV/Aids, it attacks the immune system initially as that is one of their similarities. Ebola and Aids also have very key differences in their similarities such as ways these diseases are spread, Ebola is a direct killer while Aids is an indirect killer, and how early each disease shows symptoms. These diseases can best be controlled through having prevention plans in place when a new viral disease does arise by isolation and ideally to prevent rather than cure. Economic analysis can help make a choice between alternatives but depending on the motives of the decision maker, I feel economic analysis is not the way to go because it does not consider equalising the risks across spreading resources.

Societies have been devastated by a number of epidemiological outbreaks, but few diseases have been as antagonistic as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The global transmission of this disease has been perpetuated by the ease of long distance travel and immigration (Magis-Rodriguez, 2004; Xu et al., 2014). Throughout the past 35 years the course of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as patterns of immigration, have changed immensely. Given the increase in both HIV and immigration, specifically in North Carolina (NC), this dissertation will focus mostly on changes, concerns, and strengths pertaining to the screening and treatment for HIV among Latino immigrants in NC. The

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, better known as the acronym HIV is a virus that destroys the immune system and can evolve into an infection. HIV is known a as pandemic because the immune system can fight off the infection but can never clear the HIV out of the body. “HIV is spread through contact with the blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, or breast milk of a person infected with HIV.” [AIDS] According to AIDS.info, in the United States, the virus is usually contracted through vaginal sex, anal sex, and the sharing of injection required drug equipment with a person that is already infected with HIV.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is a pandemic problem affecting global health. At the end of 2015, 36.7 million people were living with HIV/AIDS globally. The rate of incidence is more prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa with almost 1 in every 24 adults living with HIV/AIDS. In the united states, HIV/AIDS is a diversified health problem affecting all sexes, ages and races and involving the transmission of multiple risk behavior. However, with the introduction of various prevention programs and antiretroviral drugs, the incidence of HIV/AIDS has reduced.

HIV, or the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a virus which damages and kills cells of the immune system. It attacks the T-cells, key cells of the immune system, and uses them to make copies of itself. After being infected with the virus it progressively interferes and eventually destroys the immune system's ability to fight the anti-genes. HIV may develop into the syndrome AIDS, the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. HIV is an STD - a sexually transmitted disease - and therefore most commonly it is spread through sexual contact, and the virus mainly enters the body through the penis, mouth, lining of the vagina or vulva during sexual activity. HIV can also be spread through sharing syringes or needles with someone who is infected with the

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (Lamptey et al 2002). The transmission of this virus occurs through contact with blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk (Lamptey et al 2002). Sexual intercourse with a HIV infected partner is the most common cause of transmission. HIV can also spread through contact with contaminated syringes or needles and also be passed from mother to child through pregnancy, birth and breast feeding (Lamptey et al 2002). There is a general consensus that the HIV/AIDS epidemic may by the most destructive health crisis that we have faced (Lamptey et al 2006). Furthermore there is evidence that this epidemic has and will continue to cause havoc in relation to global health. This is especially true for countries in the developing world (Vii. Impact On The Health Sector). This article will the discuss the major health implications caused by the spread of HIV/AIDS focusing mainly on sub-Saharan Africa , while touching on a few other locations. Furthermore this paper aims to explore the actions taken towards the treatment and prevention of this disease. Finally future outcomes for HIV sufferers will be evaluated.