Communication Link Between The Infantry Positions And The Artillery Showed Critical

The Battle of the Chosin Reservoir was a pivotal battle in the Korean War. The battle was a brutal 17 day fight in bitterly cold weather fought from 27 November to 13 December 1950. [1] During the battle the United States X Corps was attacked by the Chinese 9th Army in the vicinity of the Chosin reservoir. The Chinese forces quickly surrounded the US troops and forced them to fight a retrograde attack in order to fight their way out to friendly lines to the south. Due to poor Chinese intelligence on UN forces and logistical shortcomings the UN forces were able to evade total annihilation and were able to retreat to safety with the majority of their men and equipment intact.

He also disagreed with some governors claiming to bomb North Korea. The US rejected the request of the Nationalist Chinese for the battle because they did not want to trigger communist Chinese aggressiveness. (Rees) However, the first important battle of the Korean War, The Battle of Osan, involved 540 soldier Task Force Smith. This was a small forward element of the 24th Infantry Division, but it was unsuccessful. (Stokesbury) North Korean Army continued the winning streak and pushed back the South Korean Army and the Eight United States Army to Busan where it was southeast of Korea. (Stokesbury) United States base in Japan kept detaching materiel and soldiers to defend Pusan. (Stokesbury) There were also tank battalions directly sent from San Francisco. South Korea could get about 500 medium tanks for the battle by August. (Stokesbury) South Korean Army and United Nation Command forces could exceed 180,000 to 100,000 soldiers by September 1950. They were all prepared by that time and could push up.

COL Prescott’s understanding of operational variables (PMESII-PT) and mission variables (METT-TC) contributes to his mission command effectiveness. In Battles of the Revolutionary War (Wood), COL Prescott demonstrates his grasp of these variables by determining the British forces’ strength, the morale condition of his own men and the effective location from which his orders say defend. The 6000 British soldiers’ training and equipment outstrip the colonists in every aspect. To deny the British from seizing Dorchester Heights, COL Prescott’s understanding of the current situation gave way to his effective planning that was effective in his visualization of the defense mission.

Prescott planned to fortify Bunker Hill in order to disrupt British maneuvers and provide area defense. However, for reasons unknown Prescott and over 1200 of his men moved past Bunker Hill and fortified a hill even closer to the British encampment, Breed’s Hill. “That morning the Colonists frantically worked to build a fortification, a redoubt, and a rail fence that extended from the hill to the shore.”1 The British soon noticed the structure, and at 0200 British sentries notified General Howe of the activities. However, like General Gage, Howe regarded the Colonists’ militia as an undisciplined and untrained group of amateurs. So he dismissed the actions of the Colonists and did not immediately notify Gage. Howe’s failure to report the Colonists’ activities serves as Gage’s first mistake in the operations process of mission command. Gage rightfully viewed his army and navy as superior to the Colonists’ militia in every way. He knew the British military had hundreds of years experience at war, were uncontested at sea, had conquered two continents, and were better armed. He also knew the Colonists had little experience at war, no naval force, and limited arms and munitions. In consideration of these facts Gage did not recognize the Colonists as a viable threat. Moreover, he completely underestimated the power of their resolve as well as their capabilities. Subsequently, he didn’t feel the need to create Commander’s

General Gage understood that detaining the key leaders would not prove fruitful and therefore changed the mission to strictly searching for and seizing arms, munitions, supplies, and military stores. General Gage gave this mission to Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith with very discreet orders to not brief his soldiers as to what the exact mission would be. General Gage also appointed Major John Pitcairn as the Executive Officer for the mission. “The initial mission would consist of approximately 700 British Regulars, who were pulled from 11 of General Gage’s 13 infantry regiments. Major Pitcairn would command 10 elite infantry companies and Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Bernard would command 11 grenadier companies. Of the 700 Regulars assigned to conduct the mission, 350 were from the grenadier companies: 4th (King’s Own), 5th, 10th, 18th (Royal Irish), 23rd, 38th, 43rd, 47th, 52nd and 59th Regiments of Foot as well as the 1st battalion of the 1st Battalion of His Majesty’s Marine Forces. There was approximately 320 light infantry assigned the role of protecting the grenadier units. These light infantry Regulars were from the 4th, 5th, 10th, 23rd, 38th, 43rd, 47th, 52nd and 59th Regiments and the 1st Battalion of the Marines” (Fischer, 1994). The 700 Regulars were to move from Boston to Concord through a two phase

In addition to the resupply of troops, insufficient and ineffective use of transportation resources diminished British effectiveness on the battlefield. Due to poor planning and negligent communication between commanders, the various transport agencies utilized to resupply the British army struggled with prioritizing missions and did not effectively communicate with each other. In addition, independent decisions were made to keep units on-station to move troops vice sending back to resupply. Misaligned campaign plans and the lack of communication and collaboration among commanders

Air support had planned to bombard enemy positions for 55 minutes; however, miscommunication between Texas 14 and higher led to a short bombardment and a total of six bombs being dropped. TF HAMMER was unsuccessful in entering the valley due to a heavy amount of small arms fire and mortar attacks. The lack of air support triggered by bad communication frustrated Afghan and Special Forces alike and led to Afghan trucks being hit heavily by pre-registered mortar fire on known choke points by Taliban and al Qaeda fighters. Unity of command is crucial in conducting a successful military operation: communication flows smoothly through a unified command, but unfortunately for a non-unified command, the reverse effect holds true.

General Jackson’s II Corps attacked during the afternoon of May 2nd. Opposing them was a Union force that had gathered for supper and was wholly unprepared to defend itself. Union forces rapidly withered and routed under the Confederate onslaught, retreating within hundreds of meters of General Hooker’s headquarters. Within several hours of the initial attack, nightfall forced a halt to the Confederate offensive and offered a reprieve for Union forces. Determined to prevent the Union Army from regrouping and consolidating its lines during the night, General Jackson conducted a reconnaissance of Union lines with key members of his staff, in preparation for a night attack. While returning from the evening reconnaissance, Confederate soldiers from North Carolina misidentified Jackson and his staff and fired upon them, wounding Jackson and several other staff officers. Upon learning of Jackson’s condition, General Stuart immediately assumed command of II Corps.

The Americans fired back and advanced. The US left line was ordered back to secure the flank, and an 18-pound cannon dispersed the Mexican cavalry, which, in response, turned to the right, seemingly to threaten the flank or to attempt to take the supply train. The infantry sprang into action to make contact with the enemy cavalry, supported by the “Flying Artillery,” and was able to halt the immediate attack. During the cannon bombardment, a portion of the prairie caught fire and the smoke concealed the armies from each other. While waiting for the smoke to clear, the US 18-pound cannons had been moved forward to the road that the Mexican cavalry had once occupied. The Mexican Army also repositioned. After about an hour the smoke cleared, and the artillery commenced again. From its new position, the Americans created openings in the Mexican line of infantry. A squadron of dragoons were ordered to the left of the Mexican Army’s line but suffered from artillery fire as they moved forward. The US 4th Infantry was exposed to a significant barrage of cannon fire as they supported the two 18-pound cannons, and several men were killed or wounded. It was then that the Mexican cavalry began an advance on the right flank. As they got close, the infantry squared up a formation to interrupt their advance and a brisk fire of small arms began. The well-directed volley from the front of the line silenced all further firing from the cavalry. Frustrated, the Mexican Army began an attempt to flank the left of the US line. Bold and brilliant maneuvering of a battery quickly repulsed the enemy, who then retreated back to their original position. As a squadron of dragoons moved to assist the left flank, they gradually drove the Mexican Army back, and the enemy had a significant loss from the field. As night began to fall, the firing ceased and the Mexican Army fell back behind their positions and the

The next several Company’s and Battalions they came across they repeated what they had the first time, they were no worse or better than their first encounter and the last one. All that matter was that they surrendered, which they did. There was long line of Soldiers being taken back to Baltimore, and the Prisoner of War Camp that they had set up there. The 82nd sent more Soldiers forward to help out the Marines, the more that surrendered, the more Marines it took to guard them. This had an adverse effect, because it depleted the combat forces needed in the event one of the

Then, General Ewell ordered General Hays’ Louisiana, and General Avery’s North Carolina Brigade, from Early’s Division to attack the eastern angle of Cemetery Hill. Ewell additionally wanted Pender and Rode’s’ Divisions to assault on General Early’s right side. General James H. Lane replaced Pender due to Pender mortal injuries earlier in the day. Lane and Rode deployed their forces too late; the fight on Cemetery Hill had already ended. (Reardon & Vossler, 2013) The second day’s fighting ended in a draw.

The Confederates in the middle of the battlefield, led by General D.H. Hill, were in a sunken road that they were told to hold at any price. Colonel John B. Gordon said to General Lee “these men are going to stay here, general, till the sun goes down or victory is won.” They shot from the sunken road at the approaching Northern generals French and Richardson’s soldiers of General Sumner’s corp. The union line retreated 5 times, but kept returning. For some unexplained reasoning, the right of the Confederate boundary ultimately stammered and subsided. Union General Richardson exploited this convenience and went in the Confederate right. He attacked through the sunken

The grueling battle lasted for hours and long after dark. As shells plunged in from the sea and General Ames struggled with a division that became increasingly disorganized as his regimental leaders and all of his brigade commanders fell dead or wounded. Noticing what was happening to Ames, General Terry sent forward Abbott's brigade to reinforce the attack. Afterwards, Abbott and Ames situated their troops inside the fortress. Meanwhile, in Fort Fisher's hospital, Colonel Lamb turned over command to Major James Reilly. Despite several calls for help to General Bragg, which he completely ignored, they decided to do one last plea to General Bragg for reinforcements. General Bragg refused to see the struggles of his confederates’ soldiers

Imagine, you are hundreds of mile from your home standing tall on the green countryside atop a hill overlooking a beautiful valley below. It is the summer of 1863 and you are at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania positioned on a place called “Little Round Top” and you are the commander of the Union Troops during the American Civil War. You have been battling against the Confederate forces as they charge against your troops over and over again, your supplies have been exhausted, and your troops are out of ammunition. As the leader, you give the instruction to fix bayonets and charge down the hill toward the Confederate soldiers, is a final attempt to halt there advances. To the surprise of the Confederate forces, seeing the charging Union troops, panic struck and the Confederate forces retreated.

It didn’t take long ‘till one of the troops began talking. Yeah they all started off loyal and what not but it just took one to break. We were told where his supreme leader went to, what they were planning, all their resources, and after all the interrogating we knew we had no time to spare. It also wasn’t quick though, we had to make sure that the North Korean wasn’t lying to us. We had to replan multiple times but this mission was going to succeed. This time my team and I were going to get that S.O.B. and ruin this burden of a