Community Acquire Pneumonia Case Study

* Pneumonia is refers to an infection in the lungs that causes swelling in the lungs tissue and this inflammation

This patient has right middle lobe pneumonia as evidenced by the lung sounds and radiographic evidence, along with her fever, chills, and productive cough. The most common pathogen for an otherwise-healthy, middle-aged adult would be Streptococcus pneumoniae. Respiratory viruses, Haemophilus influenzae, and atypical pathogens (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella spp, Chlamydia pneumoniae, or C. Chlamydia psittaci) are also causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Based on her CURB-65 score (an acronym for predicting mortality in community-acquired pneumonia; Confusion of new onset, blood Urea nitrogen greater than 7 mmol/L, Respiratory rate of 30 breaths/minute or greater, Blood pressure less than 90 mmHg systolic, or diastolic blood pressure 60 mmHg or less, age 65 or older) , this patient meets the criteria for outpatient management. Outpatient management is generally carried out via appropriate antibiotics for 5 days. Symptoms should generally begin to improve with resolution of fever within 24–-48 hours after initiation of antibiotics and improvement of cough within 3–-6 days. If a patient doesn’t begin to improve within 48–-72 hours after initiation of therapy, they he or she should be reevaluated. All patients will need follow-up a few days after initial presentation to determine if they are improving and if there are any complications. A Rrepeat chest Xx-ray may be performed, but radiographic evidence of improvement is likely

The client’s secondary diagnosis is community-acquired pneumonia. Typically, immune defense mechanisms, such as the secretion of alveolar macrophages and immunoglobulins A and G, protect the lower airway from infection. Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia, invades the lungs. The organism triggers an inflammatory response, resulting in increased blood flow and vascular permeability. Neutrophil activation occurs, to surround the kill the invading organism. A combination of the offending organism, neutrophils and fluid from the surrounding blood vessels flood the alveoli, inhibiting normal oxygen transportation. This filling of the alveoli may lead to tachypnea, tachycardia and dyspnea. Further obstruction of airflow and an increased impairment of gas exchange occur as mucous production increases. When

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is and has been a major health problem here in the U.S. This disease mostly affects young children and the elderly 65. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacteria causing pneumonia, this bacterium has over 90 different stereotypes and is extremely hard to pin point the different mutating strains. Pneumonia is contracted from inhalation of droplets; any one coughing or sneezing around your area and carrying the virus can pass it along to you fairly easy. Pneumonia is an upper respiratory infection that causes the lungs to be inflamed and fill the alveoli (air sacs) with fluids causing lack of oxygen to the red blood cells. The most common test for S. pneumoniae is the optichin sensitivity with an optichin

Pneumonia is a disease that affects the respiratory system. Specifically, it is an inflammation of the lungs that can be caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and parasites. Microscopic sacs in the lungs (Alveoli) become inflamed and fill up with fluid, which causes symptoms such as cough, fever, chills and trouble breathing. It is a lung disease that kills thousands every year and hospitalizes many more. Pneumonia is more serious and can be deadly for infants and elderly. This disease has personally affected me when my son was hospitalized with it for 5 days. He was only 10 months old at the time and was admitted with diagnosis of Pneumonia, low oxygen and dehydration.

The clinical manifestations of pneumonia will be different according to the causative organism and the patient’s underlying conditions and/or comorbidities (Smeltzer, et al). Some of the manifestations are

Pneumonia is an inflammation or infection of the lungs most commonly caused by a bacteria or virus. Pneumonia can also be caused by inhaling vomit or other foreign substances. In all cases, the lungs' air sacs fill with pus , mucous, and other liquids and cannot function properly. This means oxygen cannot reach the blood and the cells of the body.

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. Many different organisms can cause it, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Pneumonia can range from mild to severe, and can even be deadly. The severity depends on the type of organism causing pneumonia, as well as your age and underlying health.

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. Your age and medical history play a major role in the severity of the illness. There are several ways to treat the illness once it occurs.

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung which results into an excess of fluid or pus accumulating into the alveoli of the lung. Pneumonia impairs gas exchange which leads to hypoxemia and is acquire by inhaling a contagious organism or an irritating agent. (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). Fungal, bacteria and viruses are the most common organisms that can be inhale. Pneumonia could be community-acquired or health care associated. Community –acquired pneumonia (CAP) occurs out of a healthcare facility while health care associated pneumonia (HAP) is acquired in a healthcare facility. HAP are more resistant to antibiotic and patients on ventilators and those receiving kidney dialysis have a higher risk factor. Infants, children and the elderly also have a higher risk of acquiring pneumonia due to their immune system inability to fight the virus. Pneumonia can also be classified as aspiration pneumonia if it arises by inhaling saliva, vomit, food or drink into the lungs. Patients with abnormal gag reflex, dysphagia, brain injury, and are abusing drug or alcohol have a higher risk of aspiration pneumonia (Mayo Clinic, 2013). In the case of patient E.O., this patient had rhonchi in the lower lobe and the upper lobe sound was coarse and diminished. Signs and symptoms of pneumonia include difficulty breathing, chest pain, wheezing, fever, headache, chills, cough, confusion, pain in muscle or

Pneumonia is a serious infection of the lungs. This is when the air sacs in the lungs become inflamed and fill with pus and other liquid, which make it difficult for oxygen to reach the blood through them. If there is too little oxygen in the blood, then the body’s cells cannot work properly. Pneumonia can cause lack of oxygen and the spread of infection through the body, which may lead to death. An annual flu shot can provide protection against Pneumonia since it is similar to

Pneumonia is an illness of the lower respiratory tract in which the lungs become inflamed and congested and alveolar spaces are filled with fluid and cells-polymorphs and lymphocytes (Mandell L.A). It is an inflammatory condition of the lung and it is one of the most serious infections, causing two million deaths annually among the young and elderly. Pneumonia is the largest killer, accounting for 28% to 34% of all child deaths below five years of age in low-income countries and is an important cause of mortality in the elderly in high-income countries (Suárez).

Mycoplasma Pneumonia is the most common pneumonia ranging in older kids and younger adults. This type of lung infection goes by many different names such as Walking Pneumonia, Eaton Agent Pneumonia and Primary Atypical Pneumonia. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae is one of the smallest living organisms that can reproduce outside of a cell but, prefers to have a host and to be parasitic. Mycoplasma pneumoniae likes to party in the late summer and early fall especially in communities but is still found in the other seasons.

Pneumonia that is caused by certain bacteria, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophilapneumoniae, usually results in milder symptoms, even in children.This type of pneumonia, known as atypical or walking pneumonia, is most common among school-age children.Children with this type of pneumonia may not feel sick enough to stay home, but they could have the symptoms like dry cough, low grade fever, headache or tiredness.

The patient's overall symptoms and lab work suggest that she is suffering from hospital acquired pneumonia. Currently the patient is presenting a moist chesty cough. Additionally, her heart rate is elevated, her oxygenation is low, and her RR is high. She has a raised white blood cell count, which indicates infection. Finally, the patient is acting confused and disoriented, which can be the direct result of a lack of oxygenation to the brain. All of these symptoms point to pneumonia (Torres, 1999).