Community Oriented Policing

In light of recent events that have caused rifts in relations between local law enforcement and communities have caused problems that needs to be addressed. To address this issue, the NYPD issued an executive order to establish a new unit called COP- Community Oriented Policing. The NYPD currently has Community Affairs division Bureau established to foster a positive police-community relations. However, it lacks the structure, staff and functions needed to work with community leaders and others to improve the community and relationship. The COP unit under the NYPD section is needed to create a viable community policing as well as working together for crime reduction in communities.

The Community Orientented Policing Services wrote about how the events after Ferguson affected the Community Policing aspect for officers on the job. Community Policing is a topic of discussion because people do not like the rules that officers have to follow in their jobs. The services believe that everyone is a leader not just police officers, but they have noticed that the Community thinks they are just followers who give information to the police. From the Wisconsin’s chiefs point of view he states “fully 80 percent of African-American respondents said “yes,” in contrast to 37 percent of White respondents. Three-quarters of African-American respondents said that they had “little or no confidence in the investigations” into the shooting;

Community Policing took a different perspective on crime than August Vollmer. It shows that even though police officers are trained and respond to crimes on time, it doesn’t effect the crime rates. In the past foot-patrol was in place but it quickly failed due to poor management and not enough funds for the program (Bohm & Haley, 2014, Pg. 147). Community Policing was an idea to form a bond between the police and the citizens. If the police paid more attention to the minor problems in

Community policing has evolved to be the most used strategy for policing. “It is an approach to crime detection and prevention that provides police officers and supervisors with new tools for addressing recurrent problems that plague communities and consume a majority of police agency time and resources” (Peak, 2012, 65). It has been defined by various people differently. But all the definitions have similar principles (Chappell, 2009). They focus on proactive problem solving and create relationships with the community to address any issue that may arise. Community policing is a combination of client-oriented and problem-oriented policing.

Community-Oriented Policing involves giving the Community it serves a voice in how the Police Department a voice, a powerful voice in the daily operations. In the traditional model of Policing, the police drive policy and methodology while the community has few options if they are dissatisfied with the level of service aside from legal suits and political pressure. Recent police involved shootings and excessive force allegations across the United States involve various Police Departments claiming to have implemented Community-Oriented Policing have still resulted in public displeasure. I am going to compare three metropolitan police departments: Chicago, New York City and Houston who are all listed in our textbook Oliver, 2008 as having Community-Oriented Police programs and compare how they address Use of Force issues at the various departments and how effectively they involve the Communities they serve.

1. Compare and contrast at least two leadership and management styles. How does your answer help create an ethical environment?

Community policing as a concept is mainly about allowing the community a voice in determining the priorities law enforcement. Allen & Sawhney (2015) defines community police as collaborative effort between police and the community they serve to customize the delivery of police services (p. 307). In order to utilize the community policing approach, it is important for agencies to have a strong bond and trust with the community they serve. Without this trust, creative policing innovations fall short. Despite what shortcomings the approach to policing may have for law enforcement, the popularity of community led or community based policing is on the rise in America. American law enforcement as an industry faces a never-ending public relations crisis, especially during the onset of tough on crime approaches prevalent in of the last forty years. Within the two decades, community police strategies based on bringing key stakeholders together to

Table 5.5 explains each goals and objectives corresponding to each division within the COP unit. The measure of effectiveness assesses the performance needed for each division to perform their task in accomplishing the objectives. The data above recreated the 5 precincts that will partake in this pilot program to generate the reasoning for community policing. Based on the five-year crime rate provided by CompStat reporting corresponding to the total population of the precinct confinement, the average crime rate is above the total’s city crime rate, which is reported for 8 million residents an average of 15.58% per 1,000. Looking at the 5-year average of crime index of a population per 1,000, the average is equal or above the city’s population.

The goals of this paper is to show how the mission of community policing can drive all aspects of training, therefore training becoming the key to promoting the shift to community policing. This requires analyzing aspects of training to ensure they promote the mission of Community Policing, which provides decentralized and personalized police service that empowers the community to participate in the process of making the neighborhood better and safer.

First, community policing can be identified or known in numerous ways, one being the broken windows theory. An overview of broken windows theory through policing is known that because of “lack of social order” or policing neighborhoods are unkempt and vandalized. As a result, with the help of community policing, programs are evaluated, crime patterns are analyzed, and information is shared with organizations and other municipal agencies and with the community to help build stronger bonds with the community(Reisig,

Initiating community-oriented policing is about partnerships and building trust in communities between law enforcement and the citizens in the community (Bull, 2015). According to Bull (2015), community policing has shifted from a centralized bureaucratic command to a collaborative style of problem-solving crime and disorder through programs and activities within the community. To be effective, community policing requires the trust of the citizens. According to Schlosser, Cha-Jua, Valgoi, and Neville (2015), The Law Enforcement Code of Ethic states that the duties of a police officer are to serve humankind, safeguard lives and property, protect the innocent against deception, the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the peaceful against

A study on burglaries showed a 62 percent decrease during a community policing strategy that used door-to door visits (Laycock, 1991). This door to door strategy gained intelligence from members in the community and was successful for the time the study was being ran. Another study during the 1980s also using door to door visits showed a significant reduction in victimization for members of the community (Wyckoff et al., 1985). A study that focused on implementation of foot patrols showed fewer crimes in the area that the foot patrols were in Trojanowicz (1986). A community policing study that used officer-initiated community policing showed a significant reduction in property and violent crimes in the area with the community policing officers Connell et al. (2008).

As an administrator given the task to implement a new agency, the choice would be a law enforcement agency in a small to medium size community. There would be several client oriented service concept that I would consider and include in the organization and its mission and objectives. In the late 1960’s and early 1970’s police were not trusted by the community and its citizens (Cronkhite, 2013). As the public’s trust and faith in the police declined, so did the funding provided by the public. This was evidenced by the failure of several ballot initiatives for police funding that failure (Cronkhite, 2013).

Hopeful in this paper will give the strengths and weakness, when, why and who started SARA Model, Problem-Oriented Policing and Community- Oriented Policing. These are methods that will be use throughout the law enforcement filed. And know the key components and how to use them will beneficial to you as you progress in your file of chose with the law enforcement filed.

One empirical assessment was conducted among cities that had a significant amount of urban violence. The implementation of community policing and community policing educational training resulted little or no effects on homicides and robberies. Even though community policing were available and operational, the crimes of homicide and robbery were not affected by it. A survey from Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics program validated the results (LEMAS, 2000). The assessment concluded that areas with community policing had higher rates of robbery (Hoover, 2014).