Community Violence Research Paper

Scholars and practitioners often times refer countless other youths, who are indirectly affected by gun violence as the "survivors" of such violence. Such survivors are witnesses to indirect gun violence either at their schools, homes, communities or media (Garbarino et. al., 2002; Wilkinson, McBryde, Williams, Bloom, & Bell, 2009)). Myriad of research done by public health researchers, psychologists, criminologists, sociologists, and legal scholars demonstrates that firearm related violence could affect youth, families and communities psychologically, economically and socially (Sheley, Wright, & Wright,1998).. Firearm related violence is both a public health and criminal justice issue. For this reason, prevention strategies geared toward reducing

Although parents send their child to school every day to learn, they often come across school violence dealing with bullying, weapons, and threats. School violence has become a serious problem in recent decades throughout many countries. It deals with violence between not only school students, but also attacks by students on school staff. It all began with the Pontiac Rebellion of July 1764. 1927 Andrew Kehoe set bombs off at school in Bath, Michigan. In 1959, Paul Orgeron set off a bomb at a playground in Texas that killed himself alongside teachers and students. Within the time period of the early 1900s until present day the Federal Bureau of Investigation had recorded 272 school violence incidents. (History on School Violence) Violence in school takes many forms and includes, raping, bullying, stealing, harming and killing other students or members of staff. Side effects of school violence after often negative not only does it run the school atmosphere, but it also creates a distraction to students and their concentration. Violence is not something that students see themselves having to deal with at school students who involve

Adolescent Black males throughout the years have been subject and victim to numerous economic, socioeconomic, and environmental disadvantages. In many inner-city neighborhoods, these disadvantages have led to an increase in violence among these adolescent African American males, especially in the educational system. Violence among African American males in schools is something that increases tremendously each year; a 2010 study in Education Week showed that over 70% of the students involved in school-related arrests or referred to law enforcement were African American students. This can be explained

Buckner, J.C., Beardslee, W.R., & Bassuk, E.L. (2004). Exposure to violence and low-income children’s mental health: Direct, moderated and mediated relations. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 74, 413.

The starting point of violence takes place in communities and at home--not at school. Youth take what they hear and see at home and in their communities to school. The environment in some communities and households are positive and the presences of protective factors outweigh the high risk factors. However, there are communities and households where there is a lack of informal social control and high risk factors exist more than protective factors--, which affect youth in a negative manner.

Dr. Garbarino (1999) proposes common factors that are trending when it comes to an increase in violence among young boys, but does not state that such trends are causes of violence. Risk factors, especially in inner-city neighborhoods, such as poor quality of education, low socioeconomic status, limited healthcare options, multiple family residences, lack of a father figure, and high crime may lead an increase in violent nature for male youth. In addition, the book mentions four specific problems that provide a foundation for violence. These four problems include, attachment, abandonment by mother, abandonment by father, and

In non-disabled population, in Denver and Pittsburgh, 82–88 percent of these samples of high-risk youth reported engaging in some form of aggression or violence before age 13, with roughly 60 percent of Denver children and nearly 80 percent of boys in Pittsburgh reporting these behaviors before age 9. Approximately 24–33 percent reported involvement only in aggression in which no one was injured. The prevalence of minor assaults in which the victim was injured was approximately 50 percent in Denver (57 percent of boys and 40 percent of girls) and 32 percent of boys in Pittsburgh.

Moreover, in this study Voisin, Bird, Hardestry, & Shiu noticed that community violence exposure among urban youth has caused them psychological distress, anxiety, depression, aggression, low academic functioning, and delinquency (Voisin, Bird, Hardestry, & Shiu, 2011). The researchers used a grounded theory approach that helped them understand how African American youth live in a high-violence Chicago neighborhood (Voisin, Bird, Hardestry, & Shiu, 2011). The methodology used by these researchers included 16 boys and 16 girls which are equal to 32 participants (Voisin, Bird, Hardestry, & Shiu, 2011). They found out that participants were exposed to community violence by either hearing about it, witnessing it, or as direct victim (Voisin, Bird,

This reading evaluate the trends for violence, crime, and abuse in the lives of children. This study provides updated estimates for exposure to a wide variety of offenses, including violence, crime, and abuse. This exposure is wide spread in the short term and over the developmental life course. Children and youth are exposed to violence, abuse, and crime in varied and extensive ways, which justifies continued monitoring and prevention

Teen Violence is a big dilemma in today’s society. Violent behaviors usually start from family and peers, as well as teens observing it at there neighborhoods or communities. These behaviors are reinforced by what youth see on television, on the Internet, in video games, movies, music videos, and what they hear in their music. When children are disciplined with severe corporal punishment or verbal abuse, or when they are physically or sexually abused, or when they witness such behavior in their home, it is not surprising that they behave violently toward others. Teen Violence has had such an impact in our youth today that it leads many destructive things and that’s why we have so much violence today.

42) leading to Milio creating a theoretical framework to assess the health of the population. This student will utilize Milio’s conceptual framework to evaluate the health of the people of Wayne County to find solutions to the issue at hand. Identified risk factors that can be precipitating causes for violence in youth are exposure to violence on programs they watch, bullying in school, domestic violence and gang violence. When children see or live with violence in the home or school and the community, it becomes part of their everyday norms. Other causes of violence in the population is mental illness, drugs, poverty, and homelessness. Low-income families are more prone to physical violence within the neighborhoods and from the home where the middle-class families are more prone to face violence domestically or drug related. The community of Wayne County has limited resources available in areas like Detroit for after school programs, latchkey programs, and the ability of low-income families to afford daycare thus single parents and dual-income families have to rely on other family members and older children to watch younger siblings. According to Milio peoples, behaviors will change if alternative options are readily available and easily accessible the issue in Wayne County is that the availability of programs is there but accessing them is difficult and time-consuming to individuals. Social change is needed and time and money are being allocated to programs that bring community watch groups together, placing more lights on the streets of Detroit, creating a report with the police, increasing the number of officers patrolling the streets and increasing avenues to report the

According to the United States department of Justice, Over sixty percent of American children are exposed to a type of violence every year (Finkelhor, D., Turner, H., Ormrod, R., Hamby, S., and Kracke, K. 2009). These forms of violence can be perpetrated by a victims home, community or school, with majority of children knowing the perpetrator(s). These experiences with violence whether primary or secondary, can cause serious psychological trauma to a child and in worst case scenarios death. The 2009 survey by the Department of Justice also found that children exposed to any form of violence were more likely to engage in violence in the future and almost forty percent of these children were exposed to multiple acts of violence ( pg.2). The

According to researchers Shapiro, Dorman, Welker and Clough (1998), gun violence is damaging the quality of life for urban youth and forty percent of adolescents stated that the fear of violence is affecting their daily lives because they do not trust people. The design of this study is cross-sectional, it is designed to connect violence-related exposures, attitudes, and behavior that contribute to the youth feelings and attitudes toward gun violence (Shapiro, Dorman, Welker and Clough, 1998). This study examines two types of gun exposure, which are traumatic exposure to gun violence and nontraumatic exposure to gun violence (Shapiro, Dorman, Welker and Clough, 1998). The sample included 1,619 youth from grades third to twelfth and the ages was from eight to eighteen (Shapiro, Dorman, Welker and Clough, 1998).

Community violence: acts of commission that cause physical or psychological harm deriving from outside the family – in neighborhoods, schools, or other local settings in which children and youths typically socialize (Guterman & Cameron, 1997).

There are two forms of community violence identified as witnessing and victimization. Community violence may include acts such as homicides, sexual assaults, robberies, and weapon attacks. Community violence affects all ages and ethnic groups, however, some individuals are more at risk than others. Specifically, youth living in inner-cities are more likely to be exposed to violence at a higher rate than youth living in neighborhoods of higher socioeconomic status (Cooley-Strickland, et al., 2009). Some factors that increase one's chances of experiencing community violence include living in poor, inner-city neighborhoods, being in a gang, using alcohol or drugs, and belonging to a minority (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs,