Comp 351 Question Paper

2.) Answer the following questions based on a reading of the above document and material from your textbook.

Busy waiting cannot be avoided altogether. High priority processes and time critical functions will actually use a busy waiting algorithm with the expectation that the wait will be no longer than a few

It has a thread ID, a program counter, a register set, and a stack. Thread is smaller than a process so thread creation needs only some resources when with a process creation. In creating a process, it requires to allocate the process control block (PCB).The PCB includes a memory map and list of open files. A process creation makes memory being allocated for program instructions and data.

a) The control signal and the address location in the memory chip are verified and registered using the TDI pin, then the first test vector is turned on. The processor will work in the Selected mode.

Figure 3.6 contains a processing model that contains five states. These states include the following: Running, Ready, Blocked, New, and the Exit State.

#include #include #include // #define NUM_THREADS 2 /* create thread argument struct for thr_func() */ typedef struct _thread_data_t { int tid; double stuff; } thread_data_t; /* thread function */ void *thr_func(void *arg) { thread_data_t *data = (thread_data_t *)arg; printf("Time Interval \t Arrival Threads \t working Threads \t Finish Threads \n"); pthread_exit(NULL); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { int NUM_THREADS ; int Arrival_Time; int cpu_Time; printf("Enter the total number of threads (1 to 50):\t"); scanf("%i",NUM_THREADS,"\n"); pthread_t thr[NUM_THREADS]; int i, rc; /* create a thread_data_t argument array */ thread_data_t thr_data[NUM_THREADS]; /* create threads */ for (i = 0; i <

In spite of the fact that multiprocessors have numerous favorable position it additionally have some detriment like complex in structure when contrasted with uni-processor framework.

a. The CPU tells the RAM which address holds the data that the CPU wants to

1. Consider a processor that supports virtual memory. It has a virtually indexed physically tagged cache, TLB, and page table in memory. Explain what happens in such a processor from the time the CPU generates a virtual address to the point where the referenced memory contents are available to the processor.

If a kernel thread suffers a page fault with multithreads, another thread can be swapped for it. if you have a single-threaded process, then it will not be capable of performing well when a page fault occurs. Therefore, in scenarios where a program might suffer from frequent page faults, a multi-threaded solution would perform better even on a single-processor system.

There are two types of control unit which are hardwired and micro program where hardwired are for fixed architecture and are typically RISC and cost more than micro program because of the time required to design the circuits , but they are faster. Micro program control units are slower than hardwired but are easier and cheaper to implement as the instructions are stored in special control memory. The control unit controls all data going in, out and inside the CPU. The control unit decodes the data from ram and turns it into an instruction depending on what instruction set the control unit is programed or hardwired to have. Then if the instruction involves any logic or mathamatical caluculations it gets sent to the alu

Increased throughput: If there are n processors, then n tasks can be executed at simultaneously. So the work will be completed in less time. So in single processing system only one process can run at a time but in multiprocessing if there are 2 different programs, it can run on 2 different processors. This is called as parallel processing. The amount of work completed through multi-process systems is high compared to that of single processing

A core is usually the basic computation unit of the CPU - it can run a single program context (or multiple ones if it supports hardware threads such as hyperthreading on Intel CPUs), maintaining the correct program state, registers, and correct execution order, and performing the operations through ALUs.

Answer for Question No.2:. Write a Producer-Consumer program using Java threads or Pthreads in C/C++.

This is a basic view of standard interrupt handling. Additional or alternative solutions continue to be developed and added across many different platforms. Here are some additional approaches.