Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Discussion 2 2.1 Exploration and Development costs creates a Deferred Tax Liability 2 2.2 Analysis on arguments by directors 3 2.2.1 No Income Tax Expenses 3 2.2.2 No deferred tax liability 4 2.2.3 Tax losses 5 2.3 Information utility to users of financial report of deferred tax liabilities 6 3.0 Conclusion 7 References 8
1.0 Introduction
Accounting Standard AASB 112 (Income Taxes) prescribe the accounting treatment for income taxes. As stated by Leo, Hoggett, & Sweeting (2012), transactions undertaken by an entity and other events affecting the entity have two separate effects, which are current and future tax consequences. This is because accrual principal is
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Development cost is capitalised over future period in determining accounting profit but deducted in the period they are incurred when calculating taxable income (IAS 12, 2012). This will cause Gravatt Ltd to pay more taxes in the future. Moreover, the company actually had a deferred tax liability of $80million. This is considered material when comparing to equity of $570million. Thus, it should be disclosed in annual report as required by AASB 1031.
2.2.3 Tax losses Directors believed that neither current tax liability nor a deferred tax liability was necessary as the company was making tax losses because of huge allowable deductions available for exploration and development costs. According to Leo, Hoggett, & Sweeting (2012), tax loss provides future deduction for the company, hence deductible temporary difference exists and deferred tax asset arises. In facts, Gravatt Ltd had an income tax expense of $24.3million instead of tax losses if it followed the accounting standard. This might be due to its taxable income was still more than tax deduction after considering the development costs. Therefore, argument of directors is invalid as according to AASB 112, tax loss arises when a company’s tax deductions exceeds its taxable income.
2.3 Information utility to users of financial report of deferred tax liabilities AASB 112 provides disclosure requirement in relation to tax in general purpose of financial statement prepared for
The entries required to recognise the deferred tax which is included in the profit or loss for the period.
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According to AASB 112, main principal of tax effect is to recognize deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability if it is probable that future recovery or settlement of asset or liability makes future tax payments larger or smaller. Requirements are to separately disclose main parts of tax expense, aggregate current and deferred tax relating to items recognized directly in equity, information demonstrating a relationship between tax expense & company’s accounting profit, and certain information relevant to temporary differences and deferred tax assets.
(i) Prepare the calculation of deferred tax assets or deferred tax liabilities in relation to prepaid rent expense as at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2012. (ii) Prepare journal entry to record the change in deferred tax assets or deferred tax liabilities
This research project will analyze the recent changes in the disclosure requirements for income taxes. On July 26, 2016 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) published for comment a proposed Accounting Standards Update (ASU) on Income Taxes (Topic 740): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Income Taxes. The FASB had received 52 comment letters by the due date of September 30, 2016. The Board issued the amendments in the proposed Update on Topic 740 as part of the disclosure framework project. The new ASU would change, add, and cancel previous income tax accounting disclosure standards. The new amendments would include requirements for all entities (public and private) to disclose certain
Full disclosure requires companies to report existing accounting policies, any changes to the policies, for instance, method of asset valuation. In full disclosure, companies give information about the nature and justification of changes in the accounting principles, encumbered assets, non-monetary transactions, asset retirement obligations, goodwill impairment circumstances, and lower of cost or market rule material losses. Accounting policies include the specific practices, rules, conventions, bases, and principles an entity uses to prepare and present its financial statements. Accounting policies should be selected and applied consistently for similar transactions, other conditions and events, unless otherwise stated by IFRS.
Companies have to file tax returns that are in accordance with tax regulations and rules developed by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The amounts reported under taxable income and financial income differs. These amounts are different because financial income is based on Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) which uses the accrual method to report revenues. Taxable income on the other hand, which is determined by rules and regulations of the IRS, follow a modified cash basis to determine revenue. Therefore, it can be seen that these amounts differ because of the differences between tax regulations and GAAP.
– Consider whether any extra divulgences as required by IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements in connection to
The AASB 108 specifically deals with the disclosure requirements relating to change in accounting policies and estimates and accounting errors. It is the Australian equivalent of IAS 8. It seeks companies to disclose the selection any change that takes place in their accounting policies and accounting estimates and also disclose the correction of errors (Carlin and Finch, 2008).
Firm has declared total dividends during this years 0.0013 (Million $) so DPS is also 0.0000427 (Million $). Khan Cloth Store cash purchase 0.0038(Million $) and total sales 0.0035(Million $) on credit. To determine their net income/loss on the cash basis of accounting, cash paid for purchases 0.0038(Million $) has been considered for this a loss of 0.0038(Million $) has been occurred. Since there is a loss of 0.0038 (Million $) so during this year no tax, no EPS and no DPS. Janata steels credit purchase 0.0051(Million $) and total sales 0.0046 (Million $) on credit. To determine their net income/loss on the cash basis of accounting, No revenue and expenses has been considered. During this year no tax, no EPS and no DPS for this firm. M/s Al-Madina Store credit purchase 0.0026 (Million $) and total sales 0.0019(Million $) on credit. To determine their net income/loss on the cash basis of accounting, No revenue and expenses has been considered. During this year no tax, no EPS and no DPS for this firm. To agree with matching principle we have shown the effect of accrual basis of accounting of the above
Direct costs for the Ruger Clinic of Toledo, Ohio totaled $100,000 in 2007 and represents the total cost pool. The Ruger's uses direct cost allocation of expenses in the cost pool to three revenue-producing patient services. Drivers under consideration for the allocation of costs are patient service revenue (a direct dollar for dollar allocation) and hours of housekeeping services used (a volume-based activity for allocation). Drivers amounted to the following activity in dollars and volume, respectively:
Generally, depreciation expenses with assets are recorded right away, yet Athina’s management failed to do so as an error and therefore this can be seen a usual/non-recurring item. The solution is to deduct the $175,000 as an unusual/non-recurring expense after a net income has been calculated for the business’s normal transactions (Refer to Appendix 1). Objectives of the investors will not be met with this solution as it maximizes income and pay out amount, but their method is still correct as well.
In this paper we will discuss Walmart’s Balance sheet and Income Statement. We will analyze the company’s total assets at the end of the most recent annual reporting year and to why it is important. We then will talk about the company’s total assets, how much cash and cash equivalents did the company have, as well as, the amount of accounts payable at the most recent year, and from the previous year. What the company’s net revenues are from the last three annual reporting periods, the change in dollars in the company’s net income from the most recent annual reporting period to the previous annual reporting period. We will
3. systematic reporting choices made by corporate managers to achieve specific objectives. Accounting Rules. Uniform accounting standards may introduce errors because they restrict management discretion of accounting choice, limiting the opportunity for managers’ superior knowledge to be represented through accounting choice. For example, SFAS No. 2 requires firms to expense all research and development expenditures when they are occurred. Note that some research expenditures have future economic value (thus, to be capitalized) while others do not (thus, to be expensed). SFAS No. 2 does not allow managers, who know the firm better than outsiders, to distinguish between the two types of expenditures. Uniform accounting rules may restrict managers’ discretion, forgo the opportunity to portray the economic reality of firm better and, thus, result in errors. Forecast Errors. Random
The following is the text of the Accounting Standard (AS) 1 issued by the Accounting Standards Board, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India on 'Disclosure of Accounting Policies'. The Standard deals with the disclosure of significant accounting policies followed in preparing and presenting financial statements.