Comparative Study of the Properties of Organic Compounds Through Various Tests

I. LIQUID - Identification of an Unknown Liquid: Using the physical properties of Solubility, Density, and Boiling Point.

1. Which reactants used in this experiment are flammable? Discuss the safety precautions that are necessary when working with flammable materials in the lab?

Different reagents were used for the tests with the reagents reacting with the molecules in a specific way indicated by a change of color. Controls were provided to ensure integrity of the process. The results indicated the presence or absence of the organic molecules in the various substances provided. They proved that using these tests, one can accurately determine what organic molecules a substance contains. This will help in determining the composition of various substances within the cell or even outside the body and how they affect normal cell

According to the group data, which Mrs. Harmon went over to ensure groups received accurate data, the original solution had an inconstant boiling point which reached 2 plateaus (85°C and 100°C) before all the liquid evaporated, a medium odor like alcohol, was flammable, had a density of about 0.91g/100cm3, and did dissolve sugar. The 2 plateaus show that there were two substances in the original mixture, which have 2 different boiling points. These boiling points are the points that the substances can be separated. Based on the two boiling points and the odor, groups predicted the two substances were isopropanol and water. Fraction 1 had a boiling point of about 85°C, a strong odor like alcohol, was flammable, had a density of about 0.84g/100cm3, and did not dissolve sugar.

Experiment 55 consists of devising a separation and purification scheme for a three component mixture. The overall objective is to isolate in pure form two of the three compounds. This was done using extraction, solubility, crystallization and vacuum filtration. The experiment was carried out two times, both of which were successful.

Abstract: One mixture of two unknown liquid compounds and one mixture of two unknown solid compounds were separated, isolated, purified, and characterized by boiling point. Two liquid unknowns were separated, isolated, and purified via simple distillation. Then, the process of an acid-base extraction and washing were used to separate two unknown compounds into two crude compounds: an organic acid and a neutral organic compound. Each crude compound was purified by recrystallization, resulting in a carboxylic acid (RCO2H) and a pure organic compound (RZ). The resulting mass of the pure carboxylic acid was 1.688g with a percent recovery of 31.80%, the boiling range was 244-245 °C, and its density was 2.0879g/mL. The resulting mass of the pure organic solid was 2.4902g with a percent recovery of 46.91%, the boiling range was 52.0-53.4°C, and its density was 1.5956 g/mL.

Product bubbled upon addition to the hydrochloric acid; liquid turned cloudy ¡V precipitate was present; zinc sample disintegrated slowly and turned black in color.

6. The solubility of the solids were tested using a micro tray, by placing them in water and oil to observe their polarity,

or not mixed you will then have to determine its VOCs and exempt –solvent content from the

The purpose of this laboratory experiment was to isolate and characterize clove oil in order to understand how to isolate organic compounds with high boiling points, how to perform and interpret qualitative tests for organic compound functionality, and to continue to learn how to perform and interpret IR spectrometry. Steam distillation was used in order to prevent the organic compound from decomposing at temperatures approaching the compound's boiling point.

solutions that are colored, as some solutes might be non-polar and thus product will be lost, it

Solubility – Very soluble (water), Freely soluble (methylene chloride, chloroform, alcohol), Slightly soluble (acetone) and Insoluble (ether).6 Melting point - 120°C or 248°F.5

liquid with a sweet, slightly acrid taste resembling that of glycerin. It is miscible with chloroform, acetone, 95% ethyl alcohol, glycerin, and water. It is soluble at 1 in 6 parts of ether and not miscible with light mineral oil or fixed oils but will dissolve in some essential oils (98).

Paisley Shultz December 21, 2016 Chemistry- Savalli p. 6-7 Solubility and Bond Type Laboratory Conclusion The purpose of this laboratory was to learn the solubility of different liquid substances. We also learned how to use the aforementioned information to classify each of the substances’ bond type. Essential contextual knowledge includes understanding solubility itself.

As mentioned in the discussion, olive oil, vegetable oil, crisco, and lard were soluble in nonpolar solvents and insoluble in polar solvents. This is due to the chemical composition of polar and nonpolar substances which results from the molecular shape as well as properties of dissolving solutes in solution. Polar substances are hydrophilic and contain polar Van Der Waals interactions (intermolecular forces) such as dipole-dipole forces, ion-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding. Nonpolar substances are hydrophobic and contain non-polar Van Der Waals interactions. ‘Like dissolve like’ is the reason only polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents and why nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents. Molecules with similar polarity have similar intermolecular forces and therefore, can interact with each, or in this case dissolve9. Additionally, the solubility of a compound is determined by the length of the hydrocarbon chain. Long hydrocarbon chains such as the one found in oleic acid makes a compound more insoluble10. Therefore, since the lipids used in this experiment were hydrophobic substances and each lipid has long hydrocarbon chains, the results were consistent with the scientific literature and principles.