Compare And Contrast Feature Integration And Perceptual Integration

The human brain is capable of perceiving and interpreting information or stimuli received through the sense organs (i.e., eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and skin) (Weiten, 1998). This ability to perceive and interpret stimulus allows the human being to make meaningful sense of the world and environment around them. However, even as the human being is able to perceive and interpret stimuli information through all sense organs, stimuli is most often or primarily interpreted using the visual (eyes) and auditory (ears) sense organs (Anderson, 2009). However, for the purpose of this paper, the visual information process will be examined.

The way we perceive objects depends on different things. One thing that changes the way we view things is monocular depth cues. Monocular depth cues are cues on depth perception that are accessible only to one eye at a time. There are actually a couple of different monocular depth cues. The ones that I will cover will be size constancy, aerial perspective, linear perspective, and texture gradient. Size constancy refers to the tendency to perceive an object or objects as the same size regardless of it being near or far. For example, the imagineers at Walt Disney World use this with their Christmas tree to make it appear bigger. At the bottom of the tree, they place ornaments that are huge. Since people see the huge ornaments at the bottom of

Comparing Constructivist and Direct Theories of Visual Perception Two of the main theories of visual perception are constructivist and direct. Gregory is associated with the constructivist theory, while Gibson supports the direct theory. The both theories differ in their explanation of perception, however there are some aspects that relate them. Gregory's theory is a top down theory of perception, in the sense that he considers prior knowledge and experience to be crucially important in making sense of what we see.

These organizing principles will determine how the elements in a scene will be grouped together..The role of the Gestalt principles in perceptual organization gives everyone the ability to see objects as continues, simple, similar, and proximity. Continuation allows the human brain to look at a coil of rope as one continuos rope and ropes that overlap each other as two separate strands of rope. If a person did not have the ability of continuation simple processes would take a lot longer while a person uncoiled the entire ropes to make sure that it was one continuos rope. Pragnanz gives a person the ability to look at something in a simplier form when there are more complex ways to look at it. Such is the case with the Olympic five circles, the prananz theory gives the human the ability to see it as five rings flowing together but the brain without the ability may look at it as nine different objects that did not have any flow or connection to them at all. Similarity is when similar items will appear to be grouped together. Grouping can occure when there are items that are of similar shape, size, or orientation. Proximity is very important on how the brain can group similar object together and how by changing the color of some objects will redirect the brain to a different patternization. Such is the case when a block of dots that are 7 high and 7 wide. If all of the dots are the same color the perception in the brain would group them in a horizontal pattern but once

The way a human eye and brain works together to produce visual data understandable to the

When it comes to visual object recognition, there a different theories to choose from, such as the feature-analysis theory and the recognition-by-components theory. However, the one that represents human performance best is feature-analysis theory. This is due to it being not only flexible, but having little characteristics to recognize an object such as a letter. Its simplicity and flexibility makes distinguishing between small amounts of stimuli easier for humans perform and discern. This is not only due to our stored memory of certain features of object and letters, but being able to compare new stimuli to past templates. This can be seen through Eleanor Gibson’s approaches with deciding whether two letters are different or cause more trouble

A perceptual set refers to a susceptibility to perceive things in a certain way. In other words, we often tend to notice only certain aspects of a object or situation while ignoring other details. In psychology a perceptual set is basically a tendency to view things only in a certain way. Perceptual sets can impact how we interpret and respond to the world around us and can be influenced by a number of different factors. Such as: your own past experiences, expectations, motivations, beliefs, emotions, and even culture. Past experience/ expectation plays a huge role in perception as how you recognise something can be due to previous exposure. For example the experiment (Rat-Man). Participants were shown either several pictures of animals or of people prior to being shown the ambiguous figure.

Early studies have widely researched attention with selective processing (Driver, 2001). Broadbent (1958) filter theory of attention states that certain information does not require focal attention. It is based on certain stimulus attributes such as colour and shape (Friedenberg, 2012). A previous study carried out by Treisman and Schmidt (1982) proposes that when attention is diverted from a display of several figures, the participants incorrectly combine the features of colour and shape therefore increases the illusory conjunctions portrayed by the participants (Tsal, 1989). Another study by Shaw (1978) found that reaction time of participant to identify targets varied with the probability that a target would appear in a particular display location. These results indicate that different amounts of attention towards the targets are distributed to different positions in the visual field. However, Houck and Hoffman (1986) found that the feature integration of colour and orientation can sometimes be accomplished without attention (James et al.,

Change Detection: To See or Not to See: The need for Attention to Perceive Changes in Scenes

In regards to the recognition of objects within a visual scene there are uniquely clear differences between Americans and Japanese individuals. According to the textbook, it mentions how “Masuda and Nisbett (2001) did a research study that asked Japanese and Americans to view an animated scene and then to recall how many objects were within that scene and how they found that there was

The Gestalt theory emerged in the 19th century and had a basic idea that the brain works holistically, processing thousands of stimuli instantaneously in a moment. Gestalt states that we were made as a whole, rather than by piece (Gehart, 2016). The theory suggests two major ideas, one being that there is a correlation between external stimuli and cerebral response and second being that there is continuousness in collective reality (Sharf, 2000). Meaning that we can perceive objects as a whole instead of fundamental parts.

psychological, and is determined by the ordering of images and sound, not the actual content.

Humphreys and Bruce (1989) proposed a model of object recognition that fits a wider context of cognition. According to them, the recognition of objects occurs in a series of stages. First, sensory input is generated, leading to perceptual classification, where the information is compared with previously stored descriptions of objects. Then, the object is recognized and can be semantically classified and subsequently named. This approach is, however, over-simplified. Other theories like Marr and Nishihara’s and Biederman’s

From the beginning there are comparisons, pro and cons, communication channel and important role about the visual elements. Next would be the relationship visual and verbal elements. The relationship between the visual and verbal element is a complete mutual. Verbal elements in advertising are very important when we want people to recognize the product and associate it with good attributes. In other words, verbal elements may get the most attention getting and memorable to decide and implement in advertising. The image and text are potentially equal contributors to meaning, even though the specific examples might give emphasis to one or the other modality. Visual and verbal information may contain structural and functional elements (MacInnis