Compare And Contrast Mandela And World Trade Organization

In the 1960s, many of the colonial nations of Africa were gaining independence. The ANC was encouraged and campaigned for democracy in South Africa. They were mild campaigns at first, but as the government became more hostile, so did ANC protests. In November 1961, a military branch of the party was organized with Mandela as its head. It authorized the limited use of arms and sabotage against the government, which got the government’s attention—and its anger! Mandela went into hiding in 1964, he was captured, tried, and sentenced to life imprisonment. It was a sad day for black South Africa.

Mandela was arrested in a countrywide police swoop on 5 December 1955, which led to the 1956 Treason Trial (https://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography, website, Accessed 27/6/16). The trial went on for nearly five years and during this time period led to the militant faction of the ANC to split with the ANC in 1959 to form the Pan Africanist Congress. However on 21 March 1960, police killed 69 unarmed people due to a protest in Sharpeville against the racist laws directed to the black Africans. This protest led to the banning of both the ANC and the PAC which led to the movement losing much of it militant support. Mandela and 155 other activists were acquitted in 1961 and led to Mandela believing that armed struggle was the only way

Nelson Mandela’s vision was to see the end of apartheid and to gain equality for South African natives. He did this using the Transformational Leadership trait of Inspirational Motivation. According to Thomas N. Barnes Center for Enlisted Education [BCEE] (2014), he did through his spoken words, which inspired his followers to envision freedom and democracy for all South Africans. According to his autobiography, Mr. Mandela spent twenty-seven years in prison, convicted of crimes committed in his

During Mandela’s early years in the ANC, he advocated peaceful resistance. In 1960, the police opened fire on black protesters in Sharpeville, which killed 69 people. “As panic, anger and riots swept the country in the massacre’s aftermath, the apartheid government banned both the ANC and the [Pan Africanist Congress]” (Apartheid). As Desmond Tutu explained, “[Sharpeville] told us that even if we protested peacefully we would be picked off like vermin and that black life was of little consequence.” (Tutu) Mandela was forced to go underground and wear disguises to avoid detection, thusly he decided that a more radical approach was needed to stop the government. In 1961, he co-founded a new, armed wing of the ANC, called ‘Umkhonto we Sizwe,’ (Spear of the Nation.) During the trial several years later, Mandela stated “[I]t would be wrong and unrealistic for African leaders to continue preaching peace and nonviolence at a time when the government met our peaceful demands with force. It was only when all else had failed, when all channels of peaceful protest had been barred to us, that the decision was made to embark on violent forms of political struggle.” Clearly, the ANC attempted to use peaceful resistance against their government, but it produced little effect. In 1962, Mandela started a sabotage crusade against the South African government. A month later, he traveled illegally to attend a conference in Ethiopia, visit a fellow anti-apartheid politician, and complete guerilla training. Soon after his return, Mandela was “arrested and subsequently sentenced to five years in prison for leaving the country and inciting a 1961 workers’ strike” (History.com staff). Mandela and 10 others were brought to trial for sabotage, treason, and violent conspiracy. Obviously, violence was needed to stop the apartheid in

World Trade Organization ( WTO Eng . World Trade Organization (WTO) - an international organization founded January 1, 1995 for the purpose of international trade liberalization and regulation of trade and political relations between the Member States. WTO established under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) .WTO is responsible for the introduction of new parts as well as enforces the members of the organization of all agreements signed by most countries and ratified by their parliaments. WTO bases its activities on the basis of decisions taken in the years 1986-1994 in the framework of the Uruguay Round and earlier GATT agreements. As of July 2012 , there are different groups of negotiations in the WTO system to address current issues in terms of agriculture, which leads to stagnation in the negotiations themselves .WTO headquarters is in Geneva , Switzerland. WTO chief ( CEO ) - Roberto Carvalho de Azevedo , in the state of the organization about 640 people. On March 2, 2013 the WTO consisted of 159 countries .

In addition, an effort for the elimination of apartheid, was when Nelson Mandela co- founded the ANCYL, the youth department for the ANC, in 1943. “For decades after South Africa’s declaration of Grand Apartheid in 1948, Mandela and his African National Congress (ANC), galvanized a massive international solidarity effort to pursue divestment and economic sanctions. ”(Nelson Mandela’s Legacy).To clarify, in 1948, Mandela and his group of the African National Congress took to action a large, international solidarity attempt to follow the divestment and economic punishments on South Africa. After the campaign for the end of apartheid, Mandela, along with others, were taken to jail and even there the white minority group felt they imposed a threat.

The World Trade Organization was formed on January 1, 1995 however; its trade system is almost 50 years older. Since 1948, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) had provided the rules for the system. The main purpose for the World Trade Organization is to offer a forum for negotiation of trade between member Governments. The bulk of these agreements came from the 1986-1994 Uruguay Round negotiations, as well as from the GATT. Currently, the WTO is host to a new set of negotiations under the “Doha Development Agenda” launched in 2001. At the center of the WTO, are the agreements reached between the majorities of the world’s trading nations. These documents provide legal guidelines (and rules) for international commerce and general business. These agreements are ultimately viewed as contracts, binding the participating governments to keeping their trade policies within agreed limits. The system’s overriding purpose is to help trade flow freely for the economic development and well being of participating governments and their countries.

Nelson Mandela was the president of South Africa from 1994-1999. He was the first black president of South Africa, and the first president to be elected in a fully representative election.Nelson Mandela's government focused on destroying the Apartheid government in the country, which had focused on racial segregation enforced by the law.In school, Mandela studied law and became one of South Africa’s first black lawyers.In the 1950s, he was elected leader of the youth wing of the African National Congress (ANC) liberation movement.When the government prohibited the ANC for racial reasons, Mandela organized a secret military movement. He had previously been involved in peaceful protests but when they were met with

Nelson Mandela was the leader of the African National Congress (ANC for short) Youth League and the main protestor for black rights within South Africa. He later went on to create the Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), MK for short, in December 1961. Mandela was later imprisoned in 1963 and remained there for twenty-seven years, being released in 1990. Four years later, Mandela became Prime Minister of South Africa, from 1994 until 1999. Before Mandela was Prime Minister, F.W. de Klerk was Prime Minister, running from 1989 to 1994. De Klerk is best known for his help in ending apartheid; he helped end apartheid by releasing their main campaigner from prison – Nelson Mandela.

Nelson Mandela is one of the most iconic leaders of the 20th century. In 1948 the National Party gained control in South Africa and implemented a system of apartheid (Campbell, 1990, p 147-150). Apartheid laws are designed to keep the members of South Africa?s many racial groups separate and they were also crafted to keep the country?s white minority in a position of power and privilege (Campbell, 1990, p 147-150). Nelson Mandela worked with the African National Congress (ANC) to oppose South Africa?s apartheid laws using none violent peaceful protest (Mandela, 1994, 175-200). Nelson Mandela became disillusioned with the effectiveness of none violent protest to bring about a change in South Africa?s apartheid laws (Mandela, 1994, 175-200). ?In 1961, Nelson Mandela co-founded and became the first leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), also known as MK, a new armed wing of the ANC? (Glad, 1997, p 569). Under Mandela?s leadership, MK launched a sabotage campaign against the South African government (Glad, 1997, p 569-572). Nelson Mandela was eventually capture and found quality of treason against the government. He was sentenced to life in prison, also the ANC was banned in South Africa. (Glad, 1997, p 569-572) Nelson

World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international trade organization which was set up on January 1, 1995. It was developed with the participation of 161 states. The purpose of WTO is to design different agreements relating to trade with the mutual consent of the members companies, setting out trade rules and principles among different countries. WTO aims at reducing obstacles in trade and business between the countries and look into disputes that arise in nature of trade. The prime function of WTO is to provide a framework for manufacturers, importers, exporters and businesses through which they can regulate their working boundaries.

Black Africans after WWII ended in 1945 were so proud that they helped stop racism in Nazi Germany, but the the battle was only beginning for these people as work had to be done in their own country. Any coloured person was sent to live in what was called “ghettos” were the living conditions were poor. Nelson Mandela was no different.

Mandela pointed out the shooting at Sharpeville in 1960, where 69 people were killed and 178 demonstrators were wounded. Mandela and his colleague continued to fight, not listening to the government. Nelson believed “in the words of the Universal Declaration of Human rights, that the ‘will of the people shall be the basis of authority of the Government’”. 14 The people had rights to choose what they wanted to do in their homeland, and no one was going to stop them from claiming these rights. Mandela also described why he and his organizers decided to choose sabotage as their method of violence instead of guerilla warfare or open revolutions. 15 Sabotage was a way to show hope for improving relations between races, and if people followed Mandela’s thoughts, then there might have been a possibility of a democracy in South Africa.

Founded in 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO)—formally known as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)—would officially commence in the late 20th century with more than 123 nations taking part. The intergovernmental organization, which was established to regulate international trade, replaced GATT as of April 15th, 1994 following the signing of the Marrakesh Agreement by more than 120 global nations, and was officially legitimized more than 20 years ago on January 1st 1995 following GATTS’s unsuccessful attempt in creating an International Trade Organization in 1948 (WTO, 2016). It is of vital importance to understand the history of GATT and its eventual development into what is known today as the World Trade

Nelson Mandela was one of South Africa’s first black lawyers. Nelson Mandela was very active in politics and most of his work was aimed against apartheid. Incitement to strike, and for having entered illegally out of the country caused him to be arrested and sent to prison. Apartheid was introduced in 1948 and separated the races called white, black, colored and Asians apart. The Apartheid laws governed the aspects of the citizen’s lives. Nelson was eventually sentenced