Compare And Contrast Monogastric Digestive System

The digestive system of a pig is classified as monogastric or non-ruminant, which is having a stomach with only a single compartment, like humans. In addition, the digestive tract of the pig has five main parts, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Furthermore, the mechanical breakdown of the food begins upon the entrance of the mouth in the digestive tract. Basically, the food is grinded into smaller pieces by its teeth. Next, saliva is produced in the mouth, acting to moisten the small food particles, along with an enzyme that starts the digestion of the starch. Then, the food is pushed towards the esophagus with the help of the tongue. Primarily, the esophagus carries the food from the mouth to the stomach, being a tube, which is carried out with the help of a series of muscle contractions that push the food towards the stomach. Subsequently, after the first of the contractions, swallowing, has taken place, the cardiac valve, located at the end of the esophagus, prevents food from passing from the stomach back to the esophagus. Likewise, the stomach comes next in the digestive tract; it serves as a reaction chamber, adding chemicals to the food. Also, hydrochloric acid and enzymes help break down food into small particles of carbohydrates, protein, and fats. Additionally, some particles are absorbed into the bloodstream, from the stomach, while others cannot be absorbed by the stomach, being passed to the small intestine through the pyloric valve. Moreover, the small intestine aids

To suggest the reasoning behind Whitman's valorization of motherhood one does not have to look further than his own biography. Some Whitman critics such as Sherry Ceniza call his mother, Louisa Van Velsor, his "strongest influence" and the reason that he had such strong admiration for women (). Similarly, Vivian Pollak has noted that for Whitman his own mother was the ideal women (). I further this idea to say that from his admiration for his own mother grew his admiration and idealization of women as mothers. Whitman grew up in a household with six siblings, two sisters and four brothers.

The large intestine functions to absorb the remaining water from the indigestible food matter and then to pass the matter out of the body.

The process of digestion first begins in the mouth by in taking food (bolus). The teeth help with masticating (chewing and breaking food particles down) allowing for swallowing and increasing surface area for chemical digestion. Enzymes found in saliva also facilitates with the chemical break down of food primarily starches and fats. The food swallowed then enters into the esophagus (a tube connecting the mouth and stomach). Peristalsis helps the esophagus to push the food in the direction of the stomach. The stomach contents are highly acidic (doesn’t affect the stomach mucosa since cells secrete mucus allowing the stomach wall to be protected) with pH levels between 1.5-2.5 allowing microorganisms to be killed, breaking down of food, and activating digestive enzymes producing a thick substance known as chyme. However, breaking down of foods further occurs in the small intestine consisting of: bile created from the liver, enzymes formed from the small intestine, and the pancreas facilitate with further digestion as well as HCI denatures (unfolds proteins) allowing them to be available to attack by digestive enzymes (also responsible in breaking down the protein). The pyloric sphincter separates the stomach from the small intestine allowing the chime to drop into the small intestine. The small intestine is the primary site for

Their medium digestive tracts are very capable for digesting meat with proteins and fats, and still long enough to cater for vegetable substance.

Hindgut fermenters like rabbits have evolved to eat a herbivorous diet. This means they can eat vast quantities of insoluble plant carbohydrates, such as fibre. The function of the hindgut is

The gastrin that is now released stimulates parietal cells to produce Hydrochloric Acid (HCL). This assists the Red Fox so that no bacterium grows in the stomach as the HCL maintains the stomach at a low Ph. level. The HCL that has now formed also initiates the degradation process, which converts pepsinogen that gets released from chief cells, to the active form of an enzyme – pepsin. Protein that is obtained from what the Red Fox eats is denatured by pepsin and thus, it begins to get digested by breaking down into polypeptides. The protein breakdown later takes place in the duodenum. Any mucus that has been secreted in the stomach assists in the protection of the stomach from HCL, which is very acidic. Consequently, polypeptides are further broken down in the duodenum by the pancreatic proteases, which are involved in the trypsinogen cascade where trypsinogen is then secreted as an active form of trypsin, proceeding to enter the lumen. In the lumen, the trypsinogen reacts with the enzyme enterokinase, converting the trypsinohem into the active trypsin. The trypsin proceeds to convert procarboxypeptidase and chymotrpsinogen

Meanwhile, the salivary glands in your mouth are producing saliva, lubricating the food so it can make it’s way down your esophagus and into your stomach. Saliva contains enzymes, substances that make chemical reactions faster and that breaks down large starch molecules into smaller molecules of sugar. The first step of digestion is complete. Once your food gets to your stomach, the stomach starts to furtherly digest your food. Food in the stomach is digested chemically, with chief and parietal cells. Chief cells produce pepsin, which breaks down protein. Parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid (HCI). These cells and their products help to chemically break down food in the stomach. Once food has been mechanically and chemically digested, the food goes into the small intestine duodenum, which  is the upper section of the small intestine. Attached to the duodenum is the pancreas and gallbladder. The pancreas is an organ that produces a variety of digestive enzymes, and the gallbladder is a storage sac that holds the bile produced in the liver. Bile is a chemical that breaks down fat droplets. The duodenum is also the organ that allows nutrients and water to pass through its walls. After completing its rounds in the duodenum, your digested food makes its way down into the small intestine, and then the large intestine. Villi in the small intestines absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream. The large intestine

Once the bolus enters the stomach, the lower oesophageal sphincter contracts to prevent acid reflux. Folds in the stomach allow for the stomach to expand as the stomach fills. The stomach excretes hydrochloric acid and other enzymes which allow for the break down of the bolus, as well as mucus to help protect the lining of the stomach walls against the stomach acid. Protein digestion begins in the stomach, where stomach acid of pH of 1 disrupts protein structure which allows for proteolytic enzymes, also known as proteases, to reduce large proteins to polypeptides (Human Anatomy). Stomach acid has numerous jobs in the breaking down of the bolus such as; rendering minerals more soluble, maintains acidity, killing microbes and converts inactive digestive enzymes to their active form.

Mia Brooks, Mary Kate Taylor, Addison Pantaleo, Ava Cammarata, Mrs. DeFulvio Adv. Eng. II 14 May 2024 People’s Destructive Vices People's voices often lead them to make destructive choices that steer them to unfortunate consequences. In Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave,” the prisoners are trapped and oblivious to the lies before them. The cave symbolizes ignorance and deception, in the same way, that a blindfold shields people from light and the facts in front of them.

The stomach is an influential organ within the digestive system that converts the entered bolus into a semi-liquid paste like substance called chyme before it progresses further into the small intestine. This process is attained through the interplay of stomach muscles which churn the food and the mixture of gastric acid, mucus and digestive enzymes. There are numerous substances found in the stomach which contribute to the digestive process such as parietal cells that create hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, exocrine cells that produce mucus, chief cells and G cells. These substances aid in the chemical digestion process which represents the chemical alteration of larger molecules into its smaller subunits. Among the various substances,

Cows are herbivores, born to graze on grasses, clover, and whatever other delicious treats sprout from fertile fields. But grasses are neither rich in nutrients nor easy to digest. This is where the cow’s famous four stomachs and chewing the cud come into play. The physical breakdown of grasses by the teeth, followed by the bacterial breakdown in the rumen, eventually makes the nutrients available for absorption later down the line.

Imagine Egypt, in its prime. During the 19th Dynasty, where chariots might be racing through the streets, constructions of our modern day wonders were in progress, and merchants and artisans were in the busy market place selling their ware. Pharaohs ruled the land, and were seen as gods. During this famous time period, Ramses the second was the third ruler, 1279 - 1212 B.C. He was to be said to be the pharaoh in Exodus.

The esophagus receives food from the mouth after swallowing and then delivers it to the stomach. The stomach holds food which it is being mixed with enzymes which continue the process of breaking down the food into a useable form. When the contents of the stomach are processed they are released into the small intestine. In the small intestine food is broken down by enzymes released from the pancreas and bile from the liver, the food is moved through and mixed with digestive secretions. The small intestine is made up of three segments the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum, the jejunum and the ileum are mainly responsible from the absorption of nutrients in to the bloodstream. These contents start out semi-solid and end in a liquid form after passing through the organ. Water, bile, enzymes and mucous change its consistency, one the nutrients have been absorbed it then moves onto the large intestine. The large intestine connects to the rectum and is specialised in processing water so that emptying the bowels is easy.

Despite the species or facet of the industry an operation is built to cater too, one of the easiest ways to improve the efficiency of livestock is through feed and nutrient management. Feed efficiency for livestock only becomes more important as farmers are responsible for feeding a growing population. However, in order to do that is important that a manager or owner understands the digestive system of that species and factors that can aid in this system ability to absorb the maximum amount of nutrients. This paper will be focused around different aspects of the ruminant digestive tract, and more specifically two of the smaller ruminant species being sheep and goats. I will explain in detail the 6 essential nutrients and why they are crucial to have in a feed ration, what occurs in each compartment of the stomach, including breakdown of feed, nutrient absorption, and also parasites that can become an issue in