Compare And Contrast The Biological Relationship Of C. Columna

The relationship between height and diameter of Limpet (Patella vulgata) shells and whether it differs between exposed and sheltered environments

The lower shore, or low tide zone, is mostly submerged underwater. The most noticeable difference of this sub-region is the large diversity of different types of seaweeds. Organisms found in this zone are generally less adapted to periods of dryness. The creatures are generally the largest and most complex organisms on the shore as there are more sources of food as marine vegetation flourishes.

The species randomly settle throughout the rock. Both species are settled at the bottom and top. They settle on same parts of the rocks as the other species did. There is more of an abundance of the Chthamalus than the Semibalanus.

Coral reefs exist all over the world and are generally known as being one of the most diverse, intricate and beautiful of all existing marine habitats. They have many varying structures which are developed by algae and are symbiotic with various reef building corals which are referred to as, zooxanthellae (algae). There are many other factors such as, coralline algae, sponges and other various organisms that are combined with a number of cementation processes which also contribute to reef growth, (CORAL REEFS, 2015).

In all symbiotic relationships, one of the species involved in benefited. In Mutualism, both are benefited, in Parasitism one is harmed by the other’s gain, is commensalism one is not affected by the other’s gain. In a Cooperative relationship, both are working together to achieve a common goal. In Predation, one organism is preyed upon by another, who will most likely use the organism for food.

The sandy shores of beaches can be considered as a very harsh environment to live in (Ted Klenk, 1999). Survival in such a habitat requires an organism to withstand strong wave and current action, tidal rise and fall, unstable substrate, heavy predation and wide variations in salinity and temperature (The Otter Island Project). Any organism found in this type of harsh environment is specialized and highly adapted (The Otter Island Project).

b) Connell showed that the realized niche of the barnacle semibalanus was the same as its fundamental niche by clearing the upper tidal reach of Cthamalus so

The most effective of which is the behavior of Daphnia to migrate to the surface of water at night and to the depths of the water during the day. Migrating daily in such a fashion allows Daphnia to avoid predators, as predators at night are unable to see the Daphnia, as no sunlight illuminates the water. During the day, predators are again unable to see Daphnia in the low light depths of water (Chin, 2011; Zongming, Li, Ma, Wang, & Fu, 2009).

Although the first three stages of an invasion are important to understanding the invader, the impact stage of invasion is more important because it includes all the effects an invader has on the invaded ecosystem. For the rusty crayfish, Orconectes rusticus, the impacts it has on an invaded area are a result of its natural behavior (McCarthy et al. 2006). Although this behavior is similar to native crayfish, the rusty crayfish is faster and more resilient than any other native crayfish (Kuhlmann 2008). As a result, the rusty crayfish not only outcompete other native crayfish, but also extensively preys on species that are used to the more passive and slower native crayfish (McCarthy et al. 2006). The impacts of the rusty crayfish on new environments include the direct and indirect effects of decreases in local populations, and hybridization with native crayfish species due to its ability to outcompete native crayfish.

The presence of herbivores has greatly altered the population density of the barnacles on Island B in comparison with Island A. While the population density of Chthamalus dalli has remained the same as on Island A, the population of Balanus glandula severely decreased (less than 10 percent coverage of the intertidal zone). Since only the population of Balanus glandula contrasts between the islands, it is most likely that the invasive herbivore species was only in completion with Balanus glandula and pushed the species out of its original habitat. These effects may be an example of the competitive exclusion principle, a hypothesis that no two species indefinitely occupy the same niche in the same community, and therefore are not able to coexist.

The intertidal rocky shore of Caloundra Beach is inhabited by diverse range of biodiversity of animals and plants, many of which have developed high levels of adaptations throughout their existence. The very boundary of marine and terrestrial ecosystem, this environment is subjected to extremes of the physical environment such as temperature, desiccation, wave turbulence as well the ecological interactions that commonly occur in biotic communities (e.g. competition, predation). However Rocky intertidal shores are easily accessible by humans and provide an enjoyable opportunity for passive recreation and for science and environmental education as well.

Competition with other organisms increases down the shore, and is a biotic factor that influences where the snakeskin chiton are distributed. The main reason for competition between organisms, is living space on rocks. Despite finding the radiate limpets in many of the same quadrats or zones of the rocky shore as the chiton, they both have different ecological niches meaning they are able to occupy the same zone and are not competing. I also found that the blue-banded periwinkle was located in a completely different zone to the chiton- the splash zone and occasionally the high tide. This means that the chiton is not in competition with that organism, so they do not affect each other, so therefore the chiton is able to thrive within its environment. Gause’s principle of competitive exclusion states that no two species can inhabit the same ecological niche permanently, meaning that one species population will thrive as the other decreases. Predation is another biotic factor that influences the distribution of the chitons on the rocky shore. Predation from other organisms increases down the shore line, and is a reason why the chitons are found more in the upper intertidal, as the further you move down the shore line, the more predators there are. Organisms such as fish, whelks and sea stars can move up the shore to feed when the tide rises, but this is limited the higher up they go as the exposure to air increases, which these predators are not adapted to. This means that

The aim of this investigation is to look at the distribution of the ornate limpet, (Cellana Ornata) and the radiate limpet (Cellana Radians) on the rocky shore. We went to the rocky shore of Sirens rocks between Island Bay and Owhiro Bay, on Wellington’s South Coast. We are studying how our chosen organisms affect each other’s distribution patterns. We sampled in the low tide zone, mid tide zone, and high tide zone. The rocky shore we explored was 80 metre long, rocky terrain, bare rock platforms with rock gulley’s.

One of the organisms I have chosen, the Red Waratah anemone (Actinia tenebrosa) was found in the mid tide zone and the low tide zone. This anemone is the main prey of the predator Grey side-gilled sea slug, which is the other organism I have chosen,

On Wednesday the 18th February the year 12 biology class went to Siren 's Rock between Island bay and Owhiro bay to study community patterns. The community pattern we were studying was zonation on the rocky shore. Zonation is when an environmental factor changes, the distribution of species changes which results in the species being present in zones or bands. In this report I am going to talk about the Cellana denticulata limpet, the Cellana radian and the relationship between the two species.