Compare And Contrast The Two Stages Of The Light Reaction Of Photosynthesis

This light is then converted into a chemical energy by the chlorophyll and other pigments within the plant. This energy is used for the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, water molecules split apart, releasing electrons and hydrogen ions and producing oxygen gas. These electrons and hydrogen ions are then used to generate ATP and NADPH. Both ATP and NADPH are also used in the light independent reaction, which is the second part of photosynthesis. This reaction occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts. In contrast to the light dependent reaction, this type of reaction can occur without light. During the light independent reactions of photosynthesis ATP and NADPH are required to form glucose. Adenosine triphosphate, often called ATP, is used to construct organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, often called NADPH, reduces carbon dioxide and produces monosaccharides for use by the plant.

Solar energy is trapped in the process of photosynthesis (6CO2 +6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2). The basic resources needed for this reaction in plants are water, carbon dioxide, light, and chloroplasts. The products for photosynthesis are carbohydrates and oxygen. Oxygen and carbohydrates are the reactants in cellular respiration in humans. The “photo” (light) part of the photosynthesis takes place in the hylakoid of the chloroplasts. The “synthesis” part of photosynthesis takes place in the stroma, the fluid within the chloroplasts that surround the thylakoids. In photosynthesis the final electron acceptor is NADP+ which is reduced to NADPH. NADP+ is an important part of the Hill Reaction and the experiment that was performed in lab (Stegengaga, 2015).

Light energy and water (H20) go into this reaction and the thylakoids produce oxygen. It also produces ATP and NADPH, which is used for the other reaction. The other reaction is called the Light-Independent reaction and it does not need light to work. Carbon dioxide (CO2) goes into the Calvin Cycle and it produces glucose (C6H12O6). It produces ADP+P and NADP+ to the Light-Dependent reaction to recharge them. When the ATP went into the Calvin Cycle, it lost a phosphate, becoming ADP, because that reaction required energy. When NADPH went into the Calvin Cycle, it lost a hydrogen. These reaction rely on eachother. The oxygen comes from the splitting of water. Lastly, the three factors that affect photosynthesis are temperature, carbon dioxide flow, and light intensity. While doing the Photosynthesis Webquest online, those were the three things you had to change on the computer in order strengthen the photosynthesis process in the plant. Photosynthesis helps answer the

Introduction Photosynthesis is the process in which plants consumed inorganic materials like solar light, carbon dioxide and water and converted it to an organic molecule like sugar and an inorganic gas like oxygen. Light is one of the major elements influencing the rate of photosynthesis; direct light concentration affects the noncyclic pathway (light

The light reactions also generate ATP by using chemiosmosis through a process called photosphorylation. The light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of two compounds, which are NADPH and ATP. The Calvin cycle occurs with the incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic molecules in carbon fixation. In this process, the fixed carbon is reduced with electrons provided by NADPH. The Calvin cycle takes place during daylight hours, in which the NADPH and ATP can be provided. The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma, while the light reactions occur in the thylakoids.

Introduction Light intensity is a key component in photosynthesis, amongst carbon dioxide and water to sustain a suitable rate of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll absorbs the light, causing photoexcitation and the formation of NADPH and ATP with production of O2 as a by-product. The Calvin Cycle takes the NADPH and ATP to reduce CO2 into sugars (CH2O), and return NADP+ and ADP + Pi to the light reactions. The process will then repeat. (Reece, et al, 2015)

ENERGY IN A CELL Lab Name: Tigist Badeg Data Table. Step | Tile | 1. | Energy | 2. | H2O, CO2, Chlorophyll | 3. | Electron Transfer | 4. | ATP + NADPH | 5. | Calvin cycle | 6. | Glucose and O2 | 7. | Glycolysis | 8. | Pyruvic acid | 9. | Krebs cycle | 10. | ATP, H2O and CO2 | 1.What is the importance of the light and dark reactions in photosynthesis? In light reactions, light is absorbed by chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane and energizes the electrons. ATP is created from ADP and P. NADP accepts electrons and turns in to NADPH, which is energy. Once the light reactions have taken place, the light-independent, or ‘dark’ reaction occurs in the stroma, where CO2 is converted to sugar. The

8.3 Key Concepts The process of photosynthesis needs light in its reactions as well as the Calvin cycle

Photosynthesis occurs each time the sun’s light reaches the lives of a plant. The chemical ingrediants for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide (CO2), a gas that passes from the air into a plant via tiny pores, and water (H20), which absorbed from the soil by the plant’s roots. Inside leaf cells, tiny structures called chloroplasts use light energy to rearrange the atoms of the ingrediants to produce sugars, most importantly glucose (C6H12O6) and other organic molecules. Chlorophyll gives the plant its green color (Simon, 02/2012, pp. 92-93). Chemical reactions transfers the sun’s light energy into the chemical bonds that hold energy-carrying molecules. The most common are

Coupled Energetics ATP is formed in catabolic processes by breaking down large molecules into simple molecules such as monosaccharides and fatty acids. The third phosphate group from this molecule can be broken when energy is needed; this forms ADP. This energy can then be used in anabolic processes such as growth and

In addition to their differences In cellular respiration, the protons disseminate back into the mitochondrial matrix of stage three. Specifically in the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation (stage three), NADH is broken down into NAD2, H+ (proton), and electrons. These electrons then travel through the chain where they bind with an oxygen molecule at the endpoint. This fusion causes oxygen to be reduced to water, with protons in the form of hydrogen ions. As a result of the proton flow, and usage of the energy of the electrons, oxidative phosphorylation causes ADP to turn into ATP. Similar to cellular respiration, the electrons in photosynthesis also pass through an electron transport chain (absorbed through light energy). These electrons help hydrogen ions diffuse through a membrane in the stroma (chloroplast), then again through the ATP synthase. These reactions along with substrate level phosphorylation (a phosphate group added to ADP) create ATP. Furthermore, this ATP is used to generate glucose from inorganic molecules like water and carbon dioxide.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS LAB REPORT Arleen Mendoza 01.29.2017 9TH GRADE BIOLOGY BACKGROUND RESEARCH During photosynthesis, the section that is light dependent stage is in the thylakoids in the Mitochondria of a plant cell, while the light independent stage is in the stroma of the Mitochondria of a plant cell, specifically named the Calvin cycle. The light dependent and light independent stage work together to perform photosynthesis. The light independent gives ATP and NADPH to the light independent stage. In return, the light independent stage gives the light dependent stage NADP+ and ADP. The light dependent stage works in the thylakoids of the Mitochondria in a plant cell. It starts off by light energy being absorbed by photosystem II,

The main source of energy in photosynthesis is light energy, which is converted to glucose sugar, and later converted into ATP to provide energy to the cells. In the first phase, photons of sunlight hit the thylakoid membrane, exciting chloroplast molecules, inducing the transport of the electrons extracted from water splitting to form oxygen, down an electron transport chain, much like the one in cellular respiration. In this electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is NADP+, which is reduced to NADPH to be used later in the Calvin cycle. Much like in cellular respiration, a proton gradient builds up within the thylakoid, and protons are passively transported from the thylakoid lumen to the chloroplast stroma through the enzyme, ATP synthase which phosphorylates ADP to make ATP. This type of chemiosmosis of protons to create ATP energy is uniquely called photophosphorylation. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is taken up from the atmosphere from the plants’ stomata, ultimately to create glucose molecules. The oxygen released from water splitting by photosystem II is crucial for almost all life. Overall, the process of photosynthesis is anabolic, as it builds up a large molecule, glucose from less complex smaller molecules, while requiring energy to do so.

     Photosynthesis has a two-stage performance before plants produce the two products they are known to produce. These stages are Photosystem I and II. Photosystem II is dependant on light reactions for energy which causes the electrons to be react and be transferred to Photosystem II. The electrons are transported through the Photosystem II electron transport system, however some energy is used to drive ATP synthesis. Meanwhile, light is being absorbed by the Photosystem I, which causes the electrons to react. This process sends the electrons to the Photosystem I transport system where some energy is released as electrons travel through the electron transport system and is captured as NADPH. When this process is completed oxygen is released from the plant and glucose has been

     To metabolic pathways involved in photosynthesis are light reaction and dark reaction. The first stage of the photosynthetic system is the light-dependent reaction, which converts solar energy into chemical energy. Light absorbed by chlorophyll or other photosynthetic pigments is used to drive a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to and acceptor called NADP , reducing it to the form of NADPH by adding a pair of electrons and a single proton. The water or some other donor molecule is split in the process. The light reaction also generates ADP, a process called photophosphorylation. ATP is a versatile source of chemical energy used in most biological processes. The light reaction produces no carbohydrates such as sugars.