Compare And Contrast The Two Stages Of The Light Reaction Of Photosynthesis

Light intensity is a key component in photosynthesis, amongst carbon dioxide and water to sustain a suitable rate of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll absorbs the light, causing photoexcitation and the formation of NADPH and ATP with production of O2 as a by-product. The Calvin Cycle takes the NADPH and ATP to reduce CO2 into sugars (CH2O), and return NADP+ and ADP + Pi to the light reactions. The process will then repeat. (Reece, et al, 2015)

The first stage of photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions, takes place in the thylakoids of chloroplasts. Thylakoids are saclike membranes that contain pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, in their membranes. Clusters of chlorophyll and proteins are known as photosystems. Pigments in photosystem II, located in the thylakoid membrane, absorb light, starting the light-dependent part of photosynthesis.

The Cellular respiration and photosynthesis form a critical cycle of energy and matter that supports the continued existence of life on earth. Describe the stages of cellular respiration and photosynthesis and their interaction and interdependence including raw materials, products, and amount of ATP or glucose produced during each phase. How is each linked to specific organelles within the eukaryotic cell? What has been the importance and significance of these processes and their cyclic interaction to the evolution and diversity of life?

In light reactions, light is absorbed by chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane and energizes the electrons. ATP is created from ADP and P. NADP accepts electrons and turns in to NADPH, which is energy. Once the light reactions have taken place, the light-independent, or ‘dark’ reaction occurs in the stroma, where CO2 is converted to sugar. The

We measured the rate of photosynthesis in this lab. By exposing spinach leaves to light, we were triggering photosynthesis to start. Photons from the light excite electrons in the accessory pigments in the leaves which then causes them to eventually transfer their energy to the chlorophyll a molecule in the reaction center which causes an electron to jump to a primary electron acceptor, thus moving the energy along. When this electron jumps, the photolysis of water occurs in order fill the electron hole in the chlorophyll a molecules. H2O splits into electrons, H+ ions, and oxygen.

During photosynthesis, the section that is light dependent stage is in the thylakoids in the Mitochondria of a plant cell, while the light independent stage is in the stroma of the Mitochondria of a plant cell, specifically named the Calvin cycle. The light dependent and light independent stage work together to perform photosynthesis. The light independent gives ATP and NADPH to the light independent stage. In return, the light independent stage gives the light dependent stage NADP+ and ADP. The light dependent stage works in the thylakoids of the Mitochondria in a plant cell. It starts off by light energy being absorbed by photosystem II,

ATP and NADPH are produced in light dependent reactions. These products are used to fuel

The process of photosynthesis needs light in its reactions as well as the Calvin cycle

Photosynthesis is the process in which plants consumed inorganic materials like solar light, carbon dioxide and water and converted it to an organic molecule like sugar and an inorganic gas like oxygen. Light is one of the major elements influencing the rate of photosynthesis; direct light concentration affects the noncyclic pathway (light

This lab was called photosynthesis: understanding photosynthesis. It is a highly complex process that needs to be broken down in many steps to understand how it works. This lab covers the big components in photosynthesis including carbon dioxide intake, light consumption, and varying pigmentation.

In cellular respiration, the protons disseminate back into the mitochondrial matrix of stage three. Specifically in the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation (stage three), NADH is broken down into NAD2, H+ (proton), and electrons. These electrons then travel through the chain where they bind with an oxygen molecule at the endpoint. This fusion causes oxygen to be reduced to water, with protons in the form of hydrogen ions. As a result of the proton flow, and usage of the energy of the electrons, oxidative phosphorylation causes ADP to turn into ATP. Similar to cellular respiration, the electrons in photosynthesis also pass through an electron transport chain (absorbed through light energy). These electrons help hydrogen ions diffuse through a membrane in the stroma (chloroplast), then again through the ATP synthase. These reactions along with substrate level phosphorylation (a phosphate group added to ADP) create ATP. Furthermore, this ATP is used to generate glucose from inorganic molecules like water and carbon dioxide.

A. A number of organisms in the nonexistence of oxygen from time to time go through a course of action described as fermentation. Fermentation permits these organisms to create energy under anaerobic conditions according to (www.sci.uidaho.edu. 2008).

ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate, it is a useable form of energy for cells, the energy is trapped in a chemical bond that is released and it is used to dive other reactions that need energy. Photosynthetic organisms use the sunlight to get energy in order to synthesize their own fuel. Chemical energy is then made by converting the sunlight in order to compel the synthesise of the carbohydrates from the carbon dioxide and water. Oxygen is then released when the carbohydrate is synthesized. Photosynthesis is on two parts, first there is the light reactions in where the light is converted into chemical energy which is the ATP, and then this is stacked in the chloroplasts membranes in where the ATP and the electron carrier are used in the second part. The second part of the process is called light-independent and it occurs in the chloroplasts in the stroma, the carbon dioxide produces sugar in a series of reaction called the Calvin cycle.

     Photosynthesis has a two-stage performance before plants produce the two products they are known to produce. These stages are Photosystem I and II. Photosystem II is dependant on light reactions for energy which causes the electrons to be react and be transferred to Photosystem II. The electrons are transported through the Photosystem II electron transport system, however some energy is used to drive ATP synthesis. Meanwhile, light is being absorbed by the Photosystem I, which causes the electrons to react. This process sends the electrons to the Photosystem I transport system where some energy is released as electrons travel through the electron transport system and is captured as NADPH. When this process is completed oxygen is released from the plant and glucose has been

     To metabolic pathways involved in photosynthesis are light reaction and dark reaction. The first stage of the photosynthetic system is the light-dependent reaction, which converts solar energy into chemical energy. Light absorbed by chlorophyll or other photosynthetic pigments is used to drive a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to and acceptor called NADP , reducing it to the form of NADPH by adding a pair of electrons and a single proton. The water or some other donor molecule is split in the process. The light reaction also generates ADP, a process called photophosphorylation. ATP is a versatile source of chemical energy used in most biological processes. The light reaction produces no carbohydrates such as sugars.