Compare And Contrast The Views Of John Searle And Rene Descartes On The Mind

In this article, Thompson’s uses chess anecdotes to make it easier to understand why technology and our brains work together best. Steven Cramton and Zackary Stephen were two New England men who beat the most powerful chess computer. “Why could these relative amateurs beat chess players with far more experience and raw talent? Because Cramton and Stephen were expert at collaborating with computers. They knew when to rely on human smarts and when to rely on the machine’s advice.” (345) This experience shows us that Thompson's thinks that when it comes to technology versus man, you don’t

Who am I? What am I? Why am I? These are all questions that humans have been asking themselves for thousands of years. Some of us ponder on the question throughout our lives, attempting to find the meaning of life and a reason for us to continue on. Others, however, ask the question in a fleeting moment and barely concern themselves with these age old questions. Many philosophers have analyzed the different aspects of “the self”, one’s identity, and ones consciousness to better understand and answer these questions. This in turn has created several different theories as to what our consciousness is, what “the self” is, and what do we mean by identity. Two such philosophers that have been extremely influential to this issue are Rene Descartes

Rene Descartes believed in what is known as “substance dualism”. Substance dualism means accepting the view that things come in material and immaterial forms. In The Meditations of First Philosophy, Descartes wishes to convince the

The purpose of The Ego Trick was to find the “pearl of self” the place where the self resides. However, as Julian Baggini further progressed he discovered that there is no pearl of self, there is no single place where the self resides. Once this realization was discovered he then proceeded to argue that instead of a single place where the self resides there is actually multiple places. This is called the bundle theory. During this book report I will present his three arguments for the bundle theory and what he calls the Ego Trick, I will also present why the self is not an illusion. I will then discuss my thoughts on what was true and what was false. I will then conclude with the most important ideas presented in Julian’s book The Ego Trick.

In “Minds, Brains and Programs” by John R. Searle exposed his opinion about how computers can not have Artificial intelligence (Al). Searle portraits this claim about computers through an experiment he created called the “Chinese Room” where he shows that computers are not independent operating systems and that they do not have minds. In order to understand better the experiment Searle demonstrates the contrast between strong and weak Al, which later through my paper I will explain what this means. In what follows, I will explain what Searle’s “Chinese Room” experiment is, and what does it, according to him, demonstrate. I will also argue how I agree with his conclusion because I believe that computer cannot think.

On his essay “Can machines think?” Alan Turing, a great mathematician, and creator of the Turing Test presents us with the initial concept of what is now considered artificial intelligence. He states that eventually, as time progresses, machines will be able to think like humans. But, can a machine really think like a human? Can a machine even think on its own, or it is just based on human science and engineering to make computer systems perform tasks that require intelligence when done by humans?

In 1997, an IBM supercomputer named “Deep Blue” beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov. By running in massive parallel, - which is the use of many little computers to perform a set of instructions in parallel - Deep Blue was able to calculate any and all possible chess moves almost instantly, allowing it to play within tournament time constraints. Although Kasparov was able to beat the machine in their first match, Deep Blue managed to outwit him in the second, and ultimately, in the final. IBM’s supercomputer Watson too, was able to beat two of Jeopardy’s greatest champions. In 2011, Watson went up against Ken Jennings, with 74 winning appearances, and Brad Rutter, who had earned the biggest prize of $3.25 million. Watson won the game by $55,547. Watson’s component

Kevin: Hello, Dr. Ayala, Dr. Ruiz, and Mr. Skep Ticks. Welcome to “The Future of AI,” and it is my understanding that each of you are proponents to different concepts. Dr. Ayala, you’re a strong proponent of connectionism, while Dr. Ruiz is a strong supporter of symbol manipulation. Mr. Skep Ticks is a skeptic of the aforementioned concepts and believes that AIs cannot be intelligent. Intelligence, he believes, can only be simulated by systems but not created. Having all of you seated in front of me brings about the unique opportunity to ask if either of you believe that a machine can achieve intelligence.

Human being is complicated creature, and it is very different from any other animals in the world. What makes I become myself is a combination of all the factor about me. It includes my body, my experience, my knowledge, my thoughts, and it goes on and on. Some of these factors determine who I am while others have little effect of self. In Descartes’ Mediation, he defines himself as a “thinking thing”, which emphasizes the importance of thoughts. There are many other philosophers who have different definition of self. In my opinions, self is first a combination of body and mind; they determine the existence of me. Besides, my every experience fill me in and change me day by day.

Robert Strohmeyer, in his article “Total Autonomy—The Next Generation of Thinking Machines,” states that, “AI’s long-standing appeal dwells in the romance of mingling the creative problem-solving methods of human thought with the presumably flawless logic of computer circuits” (50). The question remains: how creative—or like humans—must computers be? In 1950, Alan Turing proposed in his article “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” that a computer shall be considered intelligent if it cannot be distinguished from a human (Hodges 37-38). In his paper, Turing argues, “the successful imitation of intelligence is intelligence” (38). Turing invented the Imitation Game, later to be called the Turing Test, as a measure of machine intelligence. He proposes a situation in which a human interrogator is placed in one room, while a human and a machine are placed in a different room, with teleprinter communication between the two rooms (41). The object of the game is for the interrogator to determine which of the two beings is the computer, and which of the two is the human (41). If the computer is able to fool the interrogator, that computer is considered by Turing to be intelligent

The view of John Searle on dualism was called “The Supervenience Theory”, which comes from mental and physical aspects and becomes a single substance. Otherwise, Rene Descartes trusted that mental and physical aspects are two different things called substance dualism. Also, he said that there is an immaterial essence which is the mind and a material essence which is the body.

Coloured by popular culture we see AI as this sci-fi fantasy of an independent thinking machine capable of making highly intellectual decisions and sometimes usurping control and power over humanity. Though fantastic prediction as it sounds and, the tune often played by press, AI has a lot to go before reaching an intelligent Strong AI. Futurist and inventor Ray Kurzweil describes, that by laws of accelerating returns the advancements in AI will have a compounding effect thus generating progress at an exponential pace. Neural networks and Reinforcement Learning, the engines behind the AI have already outsmarted humans in games like Go and Jeopardy. These highly tailored technologies are all around us and we just don’t realise, as John McCarthy

Descartes argues for mind-body dualism in his Meditations on First Philosophy and Discourse on Method. Descartes’s arguments attempt to prove that the mind and the body are two distinct substances. He argues that human existence is solely based on thought and not the existence of a physical body. He also shows the difference between the mind and body by identifying them as extended and non extended things. His arguments give rise to the philosophical problems of how we can come to know other people’s minds and how we can be sure if animals have minds. Descartes solves these problems by establishing clear and distinct ideas from mental inspection cannot be false because God is not a deceiver and that language and adaptability prove intelligence making the minds of animals different than the minds of humans.

If the computer always win playing chess is because is a device that is been programmed to win. But the computer is been programmed by a person so there is a chance

I can very confidently say that I would not bet money in a chess game against Cortana, and it's not just because the last