Compare The Differences Between Lobbying And Public Relations

Voting right in America around the early 1800s was a very complex process, because many of the politicians and government leaders had supported slavery, which led to limited voting rights to those who were legally free. Women, however weren’t treated as equals to men, therefore they didn’t get much attention to their voting rights (which at the time there was none). There were two other major factors in voting as well, which were socioeconomics and land owners, making the poor worker class have very little political freedoms as well. Most of the voting privileges went to rich white men.

Voting was not always fair, especially for colored people. People who were white could vote without problems. Not only did blacks have rights, but Indians couldn't vote. Soon after almost 100 years Native Americans could finally vote.Today everyone has the right to vote no matter what race they are.

Voting in the early 1800’s was limited to white landowning males who paid taxes; neither women, African American slaves, nor the non- landowning/ non-taxpaying white males had the right to contribute to the

The Fifteenth Amendment granted black men to vote. Put emphasis on men because at this time women still couldn't vote.This amendment would not be fully followed until almost a century. What the government did was that they made a literacy test so difficult that no slave could pass because they had no education. So no blacks could vote really for a long time. So to loop their loophole that made a rule called the Grandfather Clause. This made if your grandfather could vote you did not have to take the literacy test. So every white person's grandfather could vote since they lived in england. So this rule did not apply to blacks since their grandfathers were black and could not vote. One of the main reasons that they made this rule is because

In most modern governments, such as the United States of America, give the right to vote to almost every responsible adult citizen. There were limiters on the right to vote when the US Constitution was written, and the individual states were allowed to setup their own rules governing who was allowed to vote. Women were denied the right to vote until the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution which was passed in 1920. In order to understand how women struggled to obtain the right to vote, some key factors must be looked at in further detail; why suffrage rights were not defined in the Constitution, the efforts that women put forth to obtain the right to vote, why there are present-day restrictions on

Voting is a right that is given to all citizens by the 15th Amendment of the Constitution. Although the 15th amendment was ratified in 1870. It was not until The Voting Rights Act of 1965 passed that African Americans got to exercise their right to vote under the 15th amendment at the state and local level; which overcame the legal barriers that existed at those levels that was in place to prevent African Americans from voting.

An important bill passed during this time of political experimentation was the Bill of Rights, which protect rights like freedom of speech, trial by jury, and freedom from self-incrimination (Shi and Tindall, 173). Along with Americans’ rights being outlined, people started expanding their political involvement. After the Revolution, former militiamen and soldiers were excited and eager to take part in the newly formed government. With the creation of state government opened up many opportunities for ordinary people to take political offices. Also, the qualifications for voting were lowers, so more white men could vote. In addition, all tax paying men in Pennsylvania, Delaware, North Carolina, and Georgia could now vote. So, when compared to Great Britain, more men in the late eighteen and early nineteenth century could vote in America (Shi and Tindall,

Most states also removed residency requirements for voting. Immigrant males were permitted to vote in most states if they had declared their intention to become citizens.

As a general rule, most states required that any potential voter own some sort of property. However, the exact amount and definition of property varied, with some states requiring possession of a certain amount of acreage, and others a specific sum of money in the bank. General rules like these property qualifications limited the number of citizens who could vote, but also allowed the voting groups to be more diverse than they would have been otherwise. For instance, women and even free black were allowed to vote alongside white men in elections provided they held the required amount of land and were at least twenty one, which was another qualification for white men as well. This diversity did, of course, vary based on states, with some states not allowing women or blacks to vote at all, and others being equally lenient between all genders and races.

Since 1800 the population had been growing and times were changing. More people were looking for jobs and many had to pay taxes but were unable to vote. This angered many citizens and they demanded to have voting rights. Thus, as stated in the paragraph before, many more were allowed to vote. Another reason was that of the candidates in the election. They were Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams. “…Jackson had risen from the log cabin poverty of a Scots-Irish family to frontier congressman, to senator, to state militia general, and to territorial governor, all the while building a reputation for his fiery temper, stubbornness, and penchant for violence.” (Keller, p. 288). Adams was “…tutored in Latin, Greek, and law by his father, and learned much about literature, science, and the arts…” (Keller, p. 284), and Adams was an ambassador for many foreign meetings. Since these two had different backgrounds, many people were split between them. They are different from earlier presidents because of their practices. They said awful things about each

Women didn’t have the right to vote yet as well as African American men of women. Voting privileges were mainly limited to white male property owners; in some rare cases, you could be either/or one of those requirements. Changes occurred when states – mainly the Western states – “adopted constitutions that guaranteed all white males – not just property owners or taxpayers – the right to vote.” (Brinkley, 198-199) This also permitted all voters the right to hold office. A lawyer and activist, Thomas L. Dorr and some of his friends created a “People’s party” (Brinkley, 199) This party drafted a new constitution that was approved and eventually used as a foundation of new government started by the Dorrites. One of the most important political trends during the 1800s was the change in the method of choosing presidential electors. In 1800, the legislatures had chosen the presidential electors in ten states. Only six of those states participated in the choosing of the electors. However, in 1828 the electors were chosen by popular vote in every state except South Carolina. With all the changes in the election process, came the rapid growth of the electorate and the emergence of political

During this time period, America's vision of politics was transformed. "Democracy appeared to suffuse every aspect of culture and politics" (Keene, 228). Considering the voting restrictions most states had in 1800, close to three decades later many states disregarded these restrictions. Several new states "adopted constitutions with no property requirements," and some older states even adjusted their constitutions (Keene, 228). America's ideas about voting were transformed to include nearly all white men with the growth of democracy. Although many states were broadening suffrage for white men, some were placing new restrictions on black men. These limitations made it were only a few black men had the right to vote. Overall, democracy transformed America's ideas on suffrage for the white and black man.

Both groups utilized the strategies of lobbying and going public. Although each group different levels of success. The NASWA made more progress on both fronts mostly because they were already well established before the NWP was formed. The NWP also lobbied congress however don't make much headway and when it came to the public they got plenty of media attention, but little public support since their methods were seen as

This is just a basic definition of public relation but in fact it is much more challenging to really define and practice public relations.

Another one-way model of PR is the public information model. Grunig and Hunt (1983) stresses that the public information model is all about having the appearance of journalism to increase credibility and authority of the message. and it has been found to be used mainly by government agencies, law enforcement agencies and military units all around the world (Simpson,2015). This model does not place stress on gathering feedbacks. Non-government organisations campaign against the permission given for Adani Coal mines in Queensland is a typical example of using the power of journalism and press releases to influence public opinion. Press releases and articles done by Sydney Morning Herald “YourVote: Great Barrier Reef should be prioritised over coal mining, survey shows” by Hasham (2016) and “Environmental groups slam Adani approvals as resources sector celebrates” by Atfield (2016) are classic examples of how PR can be used to influence people by providing it an appearance of journalism. PR strategists for the Greenpeace Australia and other environmental groups have successfully been able to influence targeted public with press releases. This public information model used to block Adani Coals from starting mines in QLD, is a perfect example as Grunig, Sriramesh & Lyra (2009) notes the major characterizers of public information model as being one sided communication where the strategists acts as a journalist to produce objective