Compare The Structure Of Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells

All mammalian cells are eukaryotic, and whilst the eukaryotic type of cell is not exclusive to mammals, mammalian cells differ from other eukaryotic cells because of the organelles that are or are not present. For instance some plant cells have chloroplasts which are not present in mammalian cells, but both plant cells and mammalian cells are eukaryotic in nature. The term eukaryotic refers to the cell having specific membrane bound organelles, which are not present in prokaryotic cells. The defining feature of a eukaryotic cell is usually its membrane bound nucleus (the exception being the red blood cell) [1].

Currently, there are two major competing theories for the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic cells. The first theory claims that the eukaryotic cell is a combination of an archaeon with a

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. The chromosomes which are found in prokaryotes are usually spread in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells the chromosomes remain together inside the nucleus and there is a clear nuclear membrane that is surrounding the nucleus.

Which of the following structures is not normally found in the cytoplasm of a resting cell?

Draw a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell and list 3 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Be creative in drawing, but be detailed! (1.5 point)

Eukaryotic cells are, all things considered, ten times the extent of prokaryotic cells. The DNA of eukaryotes is a great deal more intricate and along these lines substantially more extnsive than the DNA of prokaryotes. Prokaryotes have a cell divider made out of peptidoglycan, a solitary substantial polymer of amino acids and sugar . Numerous sorts of eukaryotic cells additionally have cell dividers, yet none made of peptidoglycan. The DNA of prokaryotes buoys uninhibitedly around the cell; the DNA of eukaryotes is held inside of its core and connected with histones (proteins).

When it comes to Biology there are two important types of cells. One type would be Eukaryotic cells and the second type would be bacterial cells. All cells have four common cell structures, for example, genetic material, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. Eukaryotic and bacterial cells have five distinct structures with their unique functions. Eukaryotic cells are relatively larger than bacterial cells. Therefor, Eukaryotic cells have structures that have different functions compared to bacteria. Flagella, cell wall, plasma membrane, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and cytoplasm are structures that are common on both cell types but have a different function and location due to the size of the cells.

“Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, e.g. Bacteria” - (AQA 2008)

Now that we understand the properties of life and the composition of cells, we can focus on the architecture or formation in terms of basic anatomy and physiology as our second area of exploration. The two types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) defined before have a few common things such as Plasma membrane (similar to animal cells); Cell wall (similar to plant cells); and Ribosomes, the

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P1 – Describe the microstructure of a typical animal cell and the functions of the main cell components. A typical animal cell is seen as a tiny, three dimensional sac which is in fact made up of many components, each as important as the other. The microstructure of an animal cell was in fact uncovered mainly through the use of both cell fractionation and electron microscopy. Each main component has its own, individual function which helps a cell to function and maintains the cell membrane. The components that I will be describing include the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi bodies, centrioles, endoplasmic reticulum (both smooth and rough) and ribosomes.

Within prokaryotes and eukaryotes there are various similarities, but also differences. First, prokaryotes are cells without a true nucleus. Instead they have a nucleoid that houses their DNA. Eukaryotes on the other hand are cells with a nucleus and a nuclear membrane. Along with the nuclear membrane, eukaryotes also have membrane bound organelles. These organelles allow for complex compartmentalization. Prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles, which causes them to be simplistic and lack internal compartmentalization. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have a cell wall that determines their shape and protects the cell. However, the cell walls differ in structure. Eukaryotes do not have peptidoglycan in their cell wall, whereas some prokaryotes

Both of them are composed of cells, which are surrounded by a cell membrane and cytoplasm. Both have flagella. Prokaryotes have protein building blocks, while Eukaryotes has multiple microtubules. Both have cell wall. On Prokaryotes it includes peptidoglycan and is chemically complex while in eukaryotes it is chemically simple. The DNA in prokaryotes exists in a space called nucleoid and it is circular DNA while eukaryotes have linear DNA and it is organized into a higher-order structure. Both have ribosomes that are used for translation of RNA into proteins. Both of them can perform transport, DNA replication, transcription, translation, and movement. Although, they have similarities, most are carried out within organelles in eukaryotes.

3. Tortora GJ. Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells. In: Microbiology an Introduction. 9th ed. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc; 2007: 77-113.

Prokaryotic Cells All living things are made of cells, and cells are the smallest units that can be alive. Life on Earth is classified into five kingdoms, and they each have their own characteristic kind of cell. However the biggest division is between the cells of the prokaryote kingdom (monera, the bacteria) and those of the other four kingdoms (animals, plants, fungi and protoctista), which are all eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells, and do not have a nucleus. Prokaryotic means 'pre-nucleus' and eukaryotic means 'true nucleus'.