Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis Essay

Chromosome pairs line up across the equator of the spindle at metaphase I (5). In anaphase I the chromosomes separate and travel to opposite ends of the spindle. The chromosomes migrate to the equators of two new spindles for metaphase 2 (7). Next the chromatids are pulled apart in anaphase 2 to form four clusters of chromosomes in telophase 2. The nuclear envelopes reform around four haploid nuclei that will give rise gamete

A new nuclear envelope forms around the separated sister chromosomes. As mitosis completes, cytokinesis is well underway.

Meiosis consists of one DNA replication and two nuclear divisions resulting in 4 daughter cells. The process which provides for genetic variation is crossing over. Crossing over occurs in the early stages when homologous chromosomes move together so that their chromatids form a tetrad. This is called synapsis and allows for the exchange of chromosome sections.

Mitosis and meiosis are similar in several ways and different in others. The similarities include that both processes involve IPMAT. IPMAT is interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The parent cells are diploid. They both end with cytokinesis. In Metaphase and Metaphase II, the sister chromatids line up along the center. Then in Anaphase and Anaphase II, these chromatids are split and pulled towards the centrosomes. The differences are that mitosis consists of 1 division while meiosis consists of 2. Four genetically different, haploid sex cells are the products of meiosis and 2 identical, diploid somatic cells from mitosis. Mitosis occurs in all organisms except viruses and meiosis only occurs in plants, animals, and fungi.

Meiosis is the cell cycle for germ cells (gametes) where they are haploid (n) so that is why they have two sets of phases.

A) Meiosis consists of two cell divisions and is broken up into Meiosis I and Meiosis II. At the beginning of the Cell Cycle, in this case there are four chromatids each from the homologous pairs being A, a, B, b. This is the Diploid number (4) meaning it is 2 times the haploid number that will be seen at the end of meiosis II. During the S phase of interphase, the chromatids replicate and reach the end of G2 phase. Now starting meiosis, during the first stage of prophase I the chromosomes condense and pair up through synapsis with their sister chromatids creating AA, aa, BB, bb. After they pair up they go through a process called crossing over, where the homologous chromosomes share a piece of their genetic material with each other. Crossing over allows for the genetic diversity of chromosomes. Now there are four homologous chromosomes Aa, Aa, Bb, Bb, each containing heterozygous alleles because the sister chromatids exchanged genetic information with their homologous pair. During late prophase I, spindle fibers being to form where they will later attach to a homologous chromosomes centromere. The next stage is Metaphase I. During metaphase I, the homologous pairs line up at the metaphase plate, also known to be the center of the cell. The homologous pairs form a tetrad which is considered a group of four homologous chromosomes. These homologous chromosomes orient themselves randomly, which is know as the process of independent

Anaphase – the chromosomes are divided into single from pair and the chromosomes move to opposite poles

Mitosis is the process of duplicating nuclear material one cell becomes two cells. A cell contains 46 chromosomes, this is known as diploid. This process involves prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis ensures the continuation of the organism and helps the body build and repair. Meiosis on the other hand is for production of haploid cells, 23 chromosomes, that together with another human, new organisms are created.

The phase proceeding metaphase in which chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate split into two sister chromatids and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell by the mitotic spindle.

Page 20: Sam says, “I’m learning so much, could you tell me the next phase”. Yes, replied the fairy, the next is anaphase during this process the spindles grab the center of the chromosomes called the centromere which binds the two chromatids to form a chromosome. The spindles pull at the chromosomes to the opposite

Response Feedback: Meiosis occurs only in replicating gametes or reproducing cells. In phase one, the number of chromosomes is reduced by half but the chromatid pairs remain together. In phase two, the chromatids split apart forming four daughter cells. Non-germ cells such as red blood cells or skin cells undergo mitosis.For more information on this topic, consult:Carol Mattson Porth and Glen Matfin, Pathophysiology, 8th Edition,

This study was performed in order to gain more knowledge on mitosis and meiosis. This lab was done by observing mitosis in plant and animal cells, comparing the relative lengths of the stages of mitosis in onion root tip cells, stimulating the stages of meiosis, observing evidence of crossing-over in meiosis using Sordaria fimicola, and estimating the distance of a gene locus from its centromere. Mitosis is the scientific term for nuclear cell division, where the nucleus of the cell divides, resulting in two sets of identical chromosomes. Mitosis is accompanied by cytokinesis in which the end result is two completely separate cells called daughter cells. There are four phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and

The job in meiosis in regards to the homologous and sister chromatids is done by a two-step division process. During the first step the homologous pairs de-attach and this is called meiosis

According to McKinley, O’Loughlin and Bidle (2015), the replication of cells in the cell cycle included two general phases which are Interphase and Mitotic phase. As for the Interphase, the stage of preparation of cell division, it is normally divided into three phases which are G1, S and G2 phases and this process take approximately 23 hours. Firstly, G1 phase is the stage that the cell occurs growth and preparation for the S phase which is DNA replication. After that, DNA molecule unwind and the hydrogen bonds that are holding between the DNA bases are broken, therefore, the DNA break into two DNA strands and the free deoxyribonucleotides attach to the expose site following the rule of code by the hydrogen bond and phosphodiester bond and assembled a new DNA strand, therefore, the cell have two new DNA strand and its return to coiled and double helix structure. The cell grows and prepares further for the division of DNA. Turning to Mitotic, chromosomes are formed by the coiling of chromatin and the nucleolus breaks down. Then, the centrioles begin to form the spindle fibres and move into opposite cell poles, the the envelope of the nuclear breaks down and this stage is called Prophase. As for Metaphase, the spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes, which line up along the centre of the cell. In Anaphase stage, the sister chromatids being pulled apart by spindle fibres and move toward into the opposite end of the cell and each chromatid is a chromosome with

Mitosis is the first stage of the cell cycle. This is where chromosomes located in the nucleus, are divided evenly between two cells. Once the process of cell division is complete, the end result of mitosis is two identical daughter cells, with identical genetic material. Before mitosis occurs, the dividing cell experiences a period of growth, known as interphase. Interphase is the holding stages between two successive cell division; 90% of the time is in interphase and is the stage where cell division occurs.