Compare and Contrast Wilhelm Wundt's and Edward Titchener's Systems of Psychology.

Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt was born on August 16th in 1832. He was born in the town of Neckarau in Germany to a Lutheran minister. He was an intelligent, odd boy, taught mostly by his father’s associate, Friedrich M üller, whom he moved in with later on. Wundt studied at the Gymnasien and then at the University of Tübingen in 1851, when he was 19 years old. He transferred after only one year to the University of Heidelberg, majoring in medicine. He published his first publication during his third year there. He changed his major from medicine to physiology, studying under Johannes Müller at Berlin for a semester. Wundt received his doctorate in medicine at Heidelberg, and worked as Hermann von Helmholtz’s assistant 2 years afterwards for 7 years.

Hermann Ebbinghaus was born on January 24, 1850 in Barmen Germany. He attended his native town’s gymnasium, the most academically advanced of the German secondary schools, until the age of seventeen. Ebbinghaus chose to continue his education and studied at several German universities. However, at the start of the Franco-Prussian war he took a hiatus from his studies and joined the German Army. When he returned, he recommenced his university work to earn a doctorate in philosophy in 1873. Hermann’s interest eventually drifted towards psychology with the work of Gustav Fechner being a strong influence; this and other factors led to an emphasis on experimental psychology.

Throughout the span of history, psychology has always existed. Humans have always pondered why we think, act, and see the world as we do. Most information we have on the very foundations of psychology come from philosophers and physicists such as Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, and Gustav Fechner. Today I’ll be comparing two very different psychologists: John B. Watson and Carl Rogers. Although these two display different feelings and approaches to their field, they share the same roots. Keeping this in mind, I believe it’s important to understand that evaluating the likeness of contrasting branches

This man who used a method of introspection to scientifically identify basic mental elements of the mind such as touch, smell and etc. Humans can use these contexts to associate which the elements that give the feelings. He also was a British psychologist who studied under and had the chance to work with Wilhelm Wundt the father of structuralism the founder of the experimental psychology in the United States and established the very first psychology laboratory in 1879 for many many years who was born January 11, 1867 and died August 3, 1927 would have to be Edward Titchener. Edward Titchener is best known for creating his own version of psychology that described the structure of the mind which was structuralism and believed that all science

William James (1842-1910), James McKeen Cattell (1860-1944), Lightner Witmer (1867-1956), and John B. Watson (1878-1958) were major contributors to the study psychology at this time. James was a pioneer to the development of functional psychology, following the work of Wilhem Wundt (Schultz & Schultz, 2012, p. 131). Cattell was known for his mental tests that were used to measure mental capabilities and intelligence (Schultz & Schultz, 2012, p. 166). These mental test developed into IQ tests determining the intelligence of a person going into the army or being qualified for a job. Witmer began clinical psychology. He developed diagnostic and treatment approaches as they were needed for treating children with hyperactivity, learning disabilities, and poor speech and motor development because he was the first one to do it (Schultz &Schultz, 2012, p. 175). There were no examples for him to follow to see what is wrong or right way to address the needs. Also, Watson became a powerhouse in field of psychology. He had major influences in behaviorism. He provided stern guidelines for child rearing stating that parents should never “hug and kiss them, never let them sit on your lap” (Schultz & Schultz, 2012, p.

Wundt was the person who found the first laboratory of scientific psychology. Wundt used analytic introspection, a method that is used to determine the participants’ encounter, description and response to the stimuli presented to them.

Firstly, Wundt was the founder of psychology because he wanted to develop it as a new science, whereas Fechner had no intention of doing so. Wundt published articles, founded the first laboratory and began experimental psychology as a science. Secondly, He conducted experiments and produced 54,000 pages of output between the years of 1853 and 1920. Despite the fact that Fechner was the first to introduce the relationship between mind and body (which aided in the development of experimental psychology), he wanted to understand the concept for himself with no intention of making it public. Lastly, founding an entire science requires the integration of prior and current knowledge on the field. Wundt used Fechner’s findings and integrated newly developed material in psychology. Fechner came up with his concepts based on his personal findings.

Through his extensive publishing’s, laboratory and teaching of students who would further his work, he ensured that psychology remained scientific and not revert to philosophy. Wundt’s belief was that the main goal of psychology should be analyzing and understanding the human consciousness.

Fernando Vidal’s The Sciences of the Soul: The Early Modern Origins of Psychology ventures into the history of psychology as an academic and attempts to explore its roots from a new perspective. Vidal deviates from the standard presumption that psychology began during the age of reason as a discipline created by William Wundt; contrary to the beliefs of many scholars who consider the enlightenment as the foreground for psychology and its development. Instead, Vidal advocates that psychology as a discipline first appeared in the sixteenth century, initially as a neologism referred to as psychologia which circulated in various university philosophy textbooks used by Protestant scholastics. Vidal goes on to further illustrate how during the sixteenth

Wilhelm Wundt played a key role in establishing psychology after his book Principles of Physiological Psychology argued that psychology should be studied as it 's own distinct scientific discipline rather than a sub-category of physiology. In 1879, Wundt founded the first laboratory of scientific psychological research at the University of Leipzig. He was very influential and over the years, thousands of students attended his lectures. People from across the globe went to Wundt to earn their doctorates. He even taught Edward B. Titchener, who founded his own school of psychology. These are all reasons why Wilhelm Wundt is considered "The Founder of Psychology".

Edward Titchener was born in Chichester, England to a well-educated and affluent family. While he was studying philosophy at Oxford University, he developed an interest in experimental psychology. He conducted numbers of research in comparative psychology. Titchener translated Wundt's Principles of Physiological Psychology into English and decided to continue his study at

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) officially opened an institution and laboratory for Psychology, in Leipzig, Germany. Many students were also taught here on experimental psychology. Wundt was touted as a great lecturer, and some of those taught, emulated Wundt's work and made a significant contribution to psychology; for example Edward Titchner (1867-1927), who introduced structuralism to the United States of America.

During the zeitgeist of Watson’s early career, the focus of psychology was on the analysis of the conscious mind. During the late 1800’s, Sigmund Freud, a leader in psychology at the time, had proposed theories of psychology that focused on the conscious and unconscious mind. He explained behavior as a response to the desires of our unconscious and conscious minds, implying that individuals did not have much control over their behaviors or thoughts. In the early 1900’s, during Watson’s career, the country was recovering from the First World War. American societies were trying to cope with the feelings of loos of control that were brought about by the war. Freud’s idea of human consciousness and uncontrollable

In North America, G. Stanley Hall, was the major promoter of psychology. In 1883, he founded the first experimental laboratory at Johns Hopkins University. He also published the first psychological journal in English called the American Journal of Psychology in 1887 (Bringmann, Bringmann, & Early, 1992). He explored on topics like vision, the brain, sensation, hearing, the will and the self. Both Wilhelm Wundt and G. Stanley Hall’s scientific studies helped in the development of social psychology as a distinct field.

Structuralism is segment of social science and humanities. It focuses on recurring patterns of though and behavior. Psychology intergrades with philosophy in many ways. With the ideas and concept brought into play by British Empiricist from the 1600’s it open the gates to psychologist and their experimental minds such as the “father of psychology” Wilhelm Wundt. By the 1800’s E.B. Titchener created his perspectives on structuralism. He focused on human elements on conscious experience. Titchener primarily analyzed this process through the basic laboratory and introspective methods.