Comparing Different Ways of Supplying Water to Kenya

Water Pollution: Clean drinking water is becoming a rare commodity. Water is becoming an economic and political issue as the human population fights for this resource. One of the options suggested is using the process of desalinization. Industrial development is filling our rivers seas and oceans with toxic pollutants which are a major threat to human health.

2.5 litres are recommended per day to stay fully hydrated. Water accommodates for 50-80% of the human body. It assists human digestion by absorbing essential nutrients and excreting waste. It is vital in regulating bodily functions such as blood volume and transporting nutrients (2). It also plays a role during physical activity. When the body overheats, it releases fluids by sweating. If the body becomes dehydrated, by not having enough water, it can lead to impaired physiological responses and performance. Although this is temporary, if adequate consumption of water is not met daily, it can lead to health issues including kidney stones, urinary tract cancers, as well as colon cancers

Comprising over seventy percent of the Earth's surface, water is undeniably the most valuable natural resource. Life on Earth would be non-existent without water because it is essential for everything on our planet to grow. The human body is composed of 50-80% water. Blood and muscles contain significant amounts, and approximately 95% of the brain is water. All body systems and organs need water to function properly, and will shut down without it. Most of the chemical reactions that take place in our body need water as their medium. We can live without food for a few weeks, but can survive only a few days without water. It's essential because unlike other nutrients, water isn't stored in the body. Typically, everyday, we lose around 10

Desalination is basically the procedure of separating excess sodium chloride, minerals and impurities from sea and ocean water to make it usable for irrigation and human consumption. It has been touted to rid the world of its current water problems for nearly 5 decades now, during this period huge strides have been made in the desalination technology. These advances have made it possible to venture into desalination as the long term option to the water problem in many parts of the world. It is seen as long term since the ocean is not going anywhere anytime soon as compared to lakes and rivers that have been going dry seasonally. The state of California is not new to the water shortage problem; as stated above tit has been a witness to previous droughts. It is therefore time to consider a long term solution to this problem.

If residents and corporations throughout the United States continue to frivolously waste water and refuse to make painless changes and upgrades around their homes, it will continue to increase in cost to people across the United States. For example, as a result of the water shortage crisis currently afflicting the southwestern United States, the city of San Diego, California, is currently constructing a desalination plant, located in Carlsbad, California. The idea of a desalination plant is to collect undrinkable saltwater from the ocean and, using reverse osmosis and other filtering techniques, remove the salt to produce clean, potable water (Barnett). However, there are many downsides to relying on desalination practices to provide for a city the size of San Diego. First and foremost, it is considerably more expensive to produce clean drinking water from saltwater as opposed to using regular surface water or groundwater. The act of filtering the water alone can be twice as expensive as traditional filtration methods. In addition, desalination plants consume much more energy than traditional treatment plants, mostly due to the fact that the filtration methods are much more involved. Desalination consumes twice as much power as recycled plants, and four times as much as pumping groundwater (Newell, Roohk and Reardon). For example, the Carlsbad plant alone will require the same amount of electricity as is used to power 125,000 homes in California. However, the biggest

Today, desalination is a common process that's used in seaside cities and towns worldwide. There are more than 15,000 desalination plants around the world providing freshwater from salt and brackish water alike (Planet Green 2011). This number continues to grow as researchers work to improve the process, both in terms of cost effectiveness and energy efficiency (DSE 2011). But countries such as Australia, Israel and even the United States are continually adding desalination plants of various sorts into their water-management portfolios. The facilities are common in North Africa and the Mideast, where freshwater is scarce (Chandler 2008).

Water is one of the essential necessities of life. Man can get by for a considerable length of time without nourishment - however not without water.

Desalination is one of the more popular options being considered to attempt to terminate the drought. Desalination is a process through which salt water is pumped from the ocean in to a treatment facility, and then the salt is extracted to make it possible to be used domestically. This is a long drawn out process, which involves seven different steps. The steps of desalination include the

1. There are two main sources of fresh drinking water, ground water and surface water. Ground water originates from precipitations that usually fall in the form of snow or rain. While, the surface water is also originates from precipitate that reaches the land surface and is then recharged into rivers, wetlands and lakes. Although these systems are usually reliable, in desperate time of need, a more reliable source of water is needed. The desalination plant is extremely valuable and flexible because it does not depend on rainfall. Instead, the desalination plant is the only source that relies on seawater. Using seawater in the desalination plant helps meet the community’s water needs and secures the water needs in the future. While other sources of water, such as rainwater or water from dames are not reliable enough to strictly rely

Water is one of the most important elements on Earth and also for our body. We need water to work and function properly and well. Without enough supply of water, our body will grind to a halt and collapse.

We’ve all known since before our first day of kindergarten that water is a very important part of our life. We’ve all grown up knowing that without water, we would start to feel real weak and not feel too good if we go too long without water on a hot day when we would play outside in the dirt with our little Tonka trucks, before we figured out what an x box is, before we knew that texting was a lot easier than going to see grandma. Before we saw all the hidden messages in our favorite cartoons. We knew that without water we couldn’t survive, humans believe it or not still have instincts. Even though we have evolved as a species so very much in the last very long time, we all still have a little bit of that primal instinct, we are mammals, it is in our DNA, we have to be able to find water, and we have to be able to find food. We’ve been doing it for over two hundred thousand years. Without water humans and other animals would become dehydrated. Dehydrated is a word we use to describe a lack of water in one’s body at any given time, this happens much more often in the heat, where someone is more likely to sweat a lot more. But anyways, without water, humans and other mammals would become dehydrated; also, the population of amphibians on planet earth is unbelievably

Actually, only one percent of the world's water has the capability of being used by us. About ninety-seven percent is salty seawater, and two percent is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps. That only leaves one percent of the precious water that is to be used by not only people, but used by animals, plants, and food. Dehydration, which is the lack of water, will kill us faster than starvation, which is the lack of food. Since the plants and

The environment is an increasingly important issue in development as those living below the poverty line directly rely on the water and land resources surrounding their communities. With only 20% of land capable of producing crops and 75% of its workforce engaged in agriculture[4], Kenyan farmers face problems of soil erosion, deforestation, water pollution, and desertification. The increasingly severe drought has left 3.5 million people without enough food to survive while pastoralists have lost their herds to starvation and conflicting tensions mount over the scarce water resources. The population largely depends on agriculture as their form of income and nutrition. Communities have had to rely on humanitarian aid and help organizations to maintain its agriculture and for food supply.

Water is the main source of life on the Earth. It is vital for normal existence and functioning of organisms. Earth is sometimes called “water planet.” But, in fact, the number of freshwater is limited. “Only about 2 percent of the planet's water is fresh.” (How much water is there on Earth?) This water is not enough even to meet daily needs of mankind. According to World Health Organization, “a lack of water to meet daily needs is a reality today for one in three people around the world.” (2009) In the Middle East the situation is especially hard. This region is thought to be one of the droughtiest places in the world, most of it’s territory is deserted. Freshwater accounts to 1 percent of the world’s supplies, while the population comes

Where water is needed and not naturally found, the only option for lots of it is desalination (Hamed, 2004). While desalination is good in providing water, it comes with adverse effects on the environment as well. The good thing about it is that we can beautify the environment because we have water for trees and plants, however, the desalination process can affect the environment negatively. One area of concern is the marine life near desalination plants (Al Serkal, 2007; Dolnicar & Schafer, 2007). Desalination means taking salt out of the water. Dolnicar & Schafer (2007) argue that some salt can be used but some off-flow such salty brine may not dissolve when pumped into the sea and thus affect marine life badly. Also, some chemicals are added to the cleansed water and again some of these may flow into the ocean and upset sea-life. Al Serkal (2007) reports that a German Company, Smart Creative, will distribute eco-friendly products to offset the harm done to marine life. Another problem is that of the pipes used to extract seawater and those used for discharging waste. These pipes when laid could damage the sea environment under water as well as around the desalination plant