On The Discursive Limit Of Sex By Judith Butler

She was a mother, a moral and political philosopher, a writer, and a feminist. Mary Wollstonecraft was the ideal image of what represented the push towards modern feminism. Some may even consider her as the founding mother of modern feminism itself. Much of Wollstonecraft’s literature is influenced by her own life experiences. In 1785, Wollstonecraft took on an employment opportunity as a governess. While spending most of her time there, she had a moment of epiphany where she realized that she was not suited for domestic work. Soon after, she returned to London and became a translator and wrote for a well-known publisher and discovered her love of writing. Eventually, years later she was then able to publish her most notable work, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). A Vindication of the Rights of Woman is still a very popular book which can be seen as a guide to becoming a better citizen and understanding feminism in a critical context. This essay will argue that Mary Wollstonecraft is still relevant to the feminist cause today as her views portrayed in her book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman are still relatable to many of the feminist issues that currently exist around the world. This essay will do so by comparing how her views in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman can still be used as guiding principles to tackle feminist matters.

Reading literature, at first, might seem like simple stories. However, in works like William Faulkner's “A Rose for Emily,” Katherine Mansfield's “Miss Brill,” and Kate Chopin's “The Storm,” the female protagonists are examples of how society has oppressive expectations of women simply because of their gender.

Two-hundred years is a sizeable gap of time that allows plenty of room for change. American society had been rapidly changing from the early seventeenth century to the late nineteenth century, but despite this, the roles and rights of women have remained locked in place. There were many factors to consider as to why women were not allowed to flourish in their time and exceed these boundaries, and while some accepted it, there were many that opposed and faced these difficulties head on. Two female authors, one from colonial times, and one from nineteenth century America, have written about the obstacles and misogyny they’ve overcome in a male dominated literary career. Despite the two-hundred-year gap between the lives of Margaret Fuller and Anne Bradstreet, they both face issues regarding the static stereotype that women are literarily inferior and subservient handmaids to men.

Judith Butler is an American post-structuralist philosopher and critical theorist. Her area of expertise is gender theory. She is most well known for her theory of gender performativity which states that gender is a social construct which is performative in nature. In simple terms what this means is that gender is not a quality that people have, but a pattern of behavior that people perform. The performance of gender, Butler contends, creates and reinforces societal gender norms which are perceived as “natural” and “normal” but are actually a set of learned behaviors which are fluid and constantly changing.

Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin was born in London, England on August 30, 1797, to philosopher and feminist Mary Wollstone, (who died right after giving birth to her because of a ferocious fever.) and liberal, political, philosopher William Goodwin, meant that Mary grew up being exposed to many great thinkers, writers, philosophers, and poets. After Mr. Goodwin remarries Mary gained an emotionless stepmother, at the same time her father became more reclusive. Wanting affection Mary started relations with an already married and 20-year-old philosopher Percy Shelley. Mary and Shelley escapes to France and lost touch with her father for three years, during which she began writing out her feelings of abandonment. Mary’s stepsister, Claremont, had relations

Harper Lee once wrote, “You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view.” In Harper Lee’s book, To Kill A Mockingbird, she develops a definition of a lady or gentlemen. According to Harper Lee a lady or gentlemen is someone who is empathetic, and someone who doesn’t judge what people do when they don’t know the full story. In the book, Atticus is trying to teach his two children lessons like, walking in someone else’s shoes helps understand their perspective, and, don’t take advantage of things that are innocent. From these lessons the kids will grow up to become true ladies and gentlemen.

The Romantic Period built an environment where women were painted with flowery diction (Wollstonecraft, 216) and were incapable of independence. The Rights of Woman became a crucial topic, particularly in poetry which allowed women the freedom of expression. Accordingly, during the early eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, women writers did not need the prop of their male contemporaries like suggested. Evidently, women were able, successful, and professional writers in their own right. In fact, women often influenced male writers (Dustin, 42). Both Mary Wollstonecraft and Anna Letitia Barbauld are evidence that women did not need to rely on their male peers to become successful poets. Consequently, many poets took inspiration from them (Dustin, 32). In The Rights of Woman and Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Anna Letitia Barbauld and Mary Wollstonecraft had contrasting ideas. Barbauld’s The Rights of Woman was a documented reaction towards Wollstonecraft’s extremely controversial Vindication. Henceforth, both indicate a separate message for the Rights of the Woman. Assumedly, Barbauld misinterpreted Wollstonecraft and readings of The Rights of Woman in the twenty-first century appear antifeminist as a result.

When on the topic of feminist writing, understanding the time period in which the author’s writing takes place persists as vastly important. Historically speaking, western culture follows a model thoroughly dominated by men. That commonality remains

In the world we live in, brilliant minds can vary from people to people, whether they are poor, wealthy, tall, short, or in this case, a female. For example, one prominent female philosopher who has impacted our view of society and many other issues, is none other than Mary Wollstonecraft. A former English writer, philosopher and advocate of women’s rights, and regarded as one of the best female rights activists of her time, Mary Wollstonecraft had spread her beliefs from one mind to another. Who are we to think that such a person as Mary Wollstonecraft had contributed and influence our very own thinking process toward the fields she had once fought for, thus, creating a foundation for what she and many others proudly stand for. In return, an innumerable amount of people now considers Mary Wollstonecraft as a

Mary Wollstonecraft, who was born during the age of enlightenment in the 18th century, is one of the most prominent feminists in women’s history. Her book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman led her to become one of the first feminists, advocating for the rights of women. Born in a time where women’s education was neither prominent nor important, Wollstonecraft was raised with very little education. However, events in her life influenced her to begin writing, such as the way her father, Edward John Wollstonecraft treated her mother, “into a state of wearied servitude” (Kries,Steven)1. In 1792, she published Vindication on the Rights of Woman, which is one of the most prominent feminist pieces to date. This book is considered a reply to

Considering her rash reviews and probably more than a little out of sorts, England, as well as other parts of Europe, criticized her for years to come. Wollstonecraft suffered more losses, which only added to her strengthening and growing dislike for the institution of marriage. Her best friend, Fanny Blood, died giving birth to her daughter, which to Mary was a direct result of marriage. Also, at one point during her thirties, Wollstonecraft fell in love with an American businessman, Gilbert Imlay. She had a child by him, whom she named after her beloved friend, Fanny, but Imlay then left her. She thought the pain unbearable, and twice attempted suicide (Ferguson 3-14). The only emotions that she had experienced with marriage, men, and relationships were of heartbreak and pain emotionally and physically. This is certainly reflected in her writing, especially in A Vindication of the Rights of Women, which in part responds to the tyranny men have exercised on women and how it has damaged their views of themselves, their mentality, and their characters (Rood 393).

Judith Butler’s approach in “From Undoing Gender” lets the audience see a different side of opinions regarding gender. Judith’s presence and way of speaking lets us look at things in a way we never had before. She demonstrates her way of thinking, acknowledges other peoples ways of thinking and also goes outside the box in creating her own definition of undergoing gender.

Its about a woman named Hester Prynne who has a baby out of wedlock. She commited adultery by doing that because her husband wasn't dead like she originally thought. So as punishment for her sin, she is forced to wear a scarlet A on her chest. The A stands for adultery. All the people shunned her and were not allowed to forgive and forget. She ever had to live outside the city limits. It is totally true what she did was wrong. But how long can people punish her? More importantly, the father of the child is not branded as Hester is. Ironically, her public ‘guilt’ and ostracism strengthens her, while Dimmesdale private guilt and the respect of community eats him up.

Wollstonecraft’s early life was, by modern standards, quite miserable. She was born as the second child on April 27, 1759 into a relatively poor family, and her father was an abusive alcoholic who often beat her mother. Her mother favored her older brother Edward over her- Wollstonecraft was never praised for anything that she did, even though she often protected her mother from her father’s attacks. These blatant injustices helped her to learn from an early age to be independent and to not depend on anyone, and this want for independence would follow her into adulthood (Ferguson and Todd 1). After seeing her mother’s unhappy state, she began to hate that marriage was unequal and unbalanced in power, which led her to avoid marriage until she was 38. Most of the male figures in her early life were unreliable and unjust, and she realized that she would have to rely on herself.

Wollstonecraft transcended the notion that she is simply expressing grievances over the unjust treatment of women establishing herself as an articulate, intellectual thinker with innovative ideas and solutions for progressing society. Through voicing her opinions, Wollstonecraft created a small revolution for women’s rights that would encourage others to begin seeking equal treatment from the men of society.