Comparing The Outrigger System And Braced Frame System

After the analysis on the first design brought to light the zero for members, it was decided that these members should be removed. In order to combat the flex of such a simple design the decision was made to double the thickness. This design would have the same outer frame of two triangles with a height of 20 centimeters and a width of 40 centimeters. Instead of being spaced five centimeters apart the wood be bonded directly together using Gorilla Glue. Balsa wood, a very lightweight wood with properties similar to a dense foam, was used for the main supporting member. Basswood, a lightweight yet firm wood, was used for the horizontal member. The final design added a triple layer sheet of balsa wood to rear side of the truss. This balsa sheet was added for the purpose of mounting and supporting the main structure. Additionally, a five centimeter square frame of bass wood was added at the end of the boomilever to place the loading block for testing. Once this design was implemented two key issues were discovered. First, due to the properties of the bass wood and balsa wood it was obvious that the placement needed to be reversed. The bass wood should be used for the hypotenuse and the balsa wood should be used for the

| Stability is the vital factor here, also taking into account the need to withstand additional weight such as furniture, and the effects of strong winds.

Steel frame structures are made as the name suggest from steel, the material is strong and flexible. When weight is added it bends without cracking. Another characteristic of steel is that its plasticity or ductility, meaning that when force is added it won’t crack however it will lose shape therefore giving warning for people to evacuate the building. A disadvantage of steel is that is loses strength when subject to fire. Studies have shown that it can loose up- to half its strength when subject to fire, therefore making it imperative to cover the steel with boards or spray on.

The ‘Outrigger Hotels and Resorts’ was founded in 1967 with an idea of making the middleman’s dream to paradise a reality. By 2004, this firm had grown to 3600 employees, a wide portfolio of properties in various international locations, and revenues of approximately US 45 million dollars.

ACI 318-63 requires that the minimum ratio of longitudinal bars shall be at least 1.0%. Also, The vertical center-to-center spacing of the lateral ties shall be one of the smallest of: (1) 16 longitudinal bar diameters to restrain longitudinal bars from buckling, (2) 48 tie diameters to ensure sufficient tie area to restrain the lateral displacement of the reinforcing bars, and (3) the least lateral dimension of the column to develop the maximum strength of the concrete core. As shown in Fig. 1, The dimensions and steel reinforcement details of the columns involved in this experimental program were particularly selected to represent relatively older columns. In this experimental program, the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, ρl, was constant

need to be in order to keep the building up. So let's just assume that all the

In order to create a column-free space, designers and engineers opted to use free spanning composite glue-laminated (glulam) wood-steel arches supported by inclined concrete buttresses (Chodikoff, 2009). For the arches, the glulam slabs were made from engineered timbers consisting of wood laminations bonded together with strong, waterproof adhesives, resulting in a structural component as strong as steel. To increase the lateral stiffness, and assist in carrying the bending stresses from unbalanced snow loading, each arch has steel components anchoring the glulam slabs – resulting in a composite glulam wood-steel arch (Gregory, 2010). The use of glulam for the arches allowed for the roof’s large 100-metre span and curved element to be produced (Dietsch, 2011).

The purpose of this report is to introduce the roof truss that I had designed for the project of design studio 1 which is personal space. I have included the following content for the design: characteristics, cons and pros, sketch and label, and cross section of the design. The roof truss that I had design for the personal space building is king post truss (also known as crown post truss). According to online dictionary, the definition of king post is a structural member running vertically between the apex and base of triangular roof

Novum’s six distinctive lightweight structural products were developed to inventively solve demanding architectural challenges. The systems are typically fabricated in our high quality factories, architecturally finished and shipped compactly. The products share the basic principal of being mechanically fastened on site, hence achieving the precision required for direct cladding and often avoiding the need for secondary structure.

Trade show truss systems are quite portable. These are easy and fast to set-up. You can probably do it yourself, eliminating the need to hire additional help and thus saving you time and money. Setting up can take a matter of minutes. These are also easy to dismantle, in fact, as easy as setting up.

Although these problems were corrected and the idea of building a skyscraper became a feasible task, there were many conditions that had to be taken into account, that did not need consideration when building a structure less than 40 stories tall. Four story buildings are supported by their own walls; however a new method needed to be created for skyscrapers since the previous building method would not provide enough support. Metal skeletal frames made of columns and beams were then developed to provide the support and strength needed for the skyscrapers. As the buildings grew taller, their structural design was made lighter and stiffer. Also, as the buildings grew taller, wind became an important issue. Normally, the force that acts on the skyscraper pushes directly downward towards the ground that would then counter balance that push. However, when an additional force acts on it, such as wind, the forces would act differently on the skyscraper. With a lateral force acting on the building, the steel columns of the frame on the windy side would stretch apart slightly while the columns on the other side would compress. Therefore, the skeletal frame built had to be made so that the structure would be free to move slightly with the wind and, at the same time, remain sturdy.

Conclusion___________________________________________________________7 4.1. Construction methodology of Burj Khalifa______________________________7 4.2. Tower Wind Behaviour______________________________________________7 4.3. Concrete Technology________________________________________________7 4.4. Elevators and Lifts__________________________________________________7 5.

Truss the force. A valid title for a bridge that needs to withstand the force of many newtons. We were presented with the challenge to create the most efficient bridge made of basswood that we can. The purpose of this challenge was to help us develop a certain understanding of how structures respond to force application. We began our research with an in class assignment on forces. We studied the different types of forces such as compression, tension, bending, and torsion. This study helped us develop an understanding of how these forces effect different structures. We also touched base upon different bridge types prior to the introduction of the challenge. This was to give us knowledge in

Introduction: Structural systems for tall buildings have undergone a dramatic evolution throughout the previous two decades and into the 2010s. Developments in structural form have historically been realized a response to emerging architectural trends in high-rise building design. The development of the original tubular systems for tall buildings was indeed predicated upon an overall building form of constant or smoothly varying profile [1]. As the number of different high-rise structures in existence expands every year, there is an increase in the possibility of damage due to earthquake or other hazards. In the event of such damage it is important to be able to correlate damage intensity with the particular tall building system used. Of the various alternatives, a framing-oriented scheme is selected as a means of classifying structural systems. The fundamental systems within it are bearing wall, core, tube, and frame, together with the appropriate mixtures of these systems. For a proposed building there is no right or wrong way for a structure to carry gravity loads to the foundation or resist lateral loads. However, there are structurally efficient solutions, economic solutions and other radical, unique, and challenging solutions [2]. Tall buildings are highly sophisticated engineering projects. Due to the complexity of the structures, the most advanced engineering design techniques are needed in

Superstructure bears the load that is being passed over the bridge and it transmits the forces caused by the same to substructure. Load received from the decking is transferred on to the substructure by Bearings. They also distribute the load evenly over the substructure material as it may not have sufficient strength to bear the superstructure load directly. Piers and Abutments are the vertical substructures which transfer the load to the earth in the foundation. Wing walls and returns are constructed as the extension of