Comparison Matrix

Proper management of institutions is the key to the success of such a firm. The kind of leadership being dispensed directly affects the motivation of employees and their productivity. The two most prominent kinds of leadership are transformational and transactional leadership. This article seeks to discuss the two kinds of leadership and eventually propose the most efficient kind of management.

Single parenthood has consequences on African-American families. In fact, statistics have shown that kids of unwed mothers of any race are more exposed to poverty, to go to prison, to perform poorly in school, use drugs, and have their own children out of wedlock (Washington, 2014). Single parenthood has also consequences for families’ health.

Over the past twenty years, an abundant body of researches have been done to review transformational leadership and transactional leadership. Burn (1978) was the first person to introduce and conceptualize the concept of transformational leadership and transactional leadership. Bass (1985) based on Burn’s concept and deepen his notion with modifications, which stated that one of the best frameworks of leadership is transformational or transactional, but not opposing to each other. Followed by Bass and Avolio (1994), they provide the idea of these two leaderships and generalize them into the development of global economic world. Bass and Avolio (1997) also suggested that there was no need to view transformational and

Evaluate the role and effectiveness of transformational and transactional leadership in the organization. Support with examples.

These types of leaders, according to Avolio (1991) possess the characteristics of individual consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and idealized influence. This paper will examine the outcomes that are a direct result of transformational leaders who exhibit these types of traits such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment, job stress, safety, supervisor satisfaction, team, performance, and general.

Research was done using qualitative research. Interviews were conducted with colleagues and interview cited by Moule (2012) interviewed William E. Cross Jr., Ph.D., and a professor of counseling education in the College of Education at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas. A web based search was conducted using the main words/phrases, “African Americans Students,” “single-parent” and “disadvantages” interchangeably. These web based search provide with several scholarly journals, eBooks, and peer reviews to use. Commutatively data was measured, analyzed, and then

External factors such as incarceration, hard times, high death rates and the disproportion of men to women are linked to the absentee of the father in African American communities (McAdoo, 1997). The father’s absence is one of the main causes of poor well being of adolescence. It is a leading cause of social issues that’s prone to change the shape of society (Walton, 2015). Although this may be the case, the effects of the absentee father have a stronger impact on males in correlation to females. Overall, young black males are more heavily affected than males of any other race that live in father-less home. Effects do not always have to be from a negative perspective;

Venkat R., K. (2002). Transformational Leadership and Value System Congruence. International Journal Of Value-Based Management, 15(1), 19.

African-Americans families tend to have a stronger bond, helping the mother regardless of their marital status. Blacks realize that their apparent lack of education leaves them in a difficult situation, finding it almost impossible to support a family. In 1987 Wilson “argued that the decline in the economic position of many young black men has mad marriage an increasingly unattractive alternative for young black women. As a result, many black teenage girls may conclude that they have little to lose by having an out-of-wedlock birth, and motherhood may ant the same time, offer them some measure of respect and attention.”2 This is not a good thing because, when a family is unable to support itself then they tend to turn to welfare.

School and education happens to be one of the main things affected in the lives of both African American males and females living in single parent households. Parents tend to become less involved in the childs academics and social activities in school from the stress of being a single parent and having so much responsibility on them. It seemingly gets worse by the time the child reaches high school. One survey asked high school students whether their parents helped them with their school work and supervised their social activities. Students whose parents separated between the sophomore and senior years reported a loss of involvement and supervision compared to students whose parents stayed together (Mclanahan, n.d.). This usually leads to the child performing poorly in the classroom and on assignments. The child becomes less motivated to attend school, which leads to poor attendance. Poor attendance and lack of motivation sometimes results in the child dropping out of school. If the parents live apart, the probability that their children will drop out of high school rises by 11 percentage points. And for every child who actually drops out of school, there are likely to be three or four more whose performance is affected even though they manage to graduate (Mclanahan, n.d). Children born to unmarried parents are slightly more likely to drop out of school and become teen mothers than children born to married parents who divorce. But the difference is small compared to the

because to understand the African American mother one must first understand their plight, second race, third gender, and finally class characterization influences. African American mother have duties, they manage jobs, live in poverty and have parental duties. According to Collins (2009) single mothers with self-respect, lead with empowering their daughters to also exemplify independence. According to Karraker (1991) single mothers have a strong desire for their daughter to achieve higher education, even if it means her daughter has to postpone her marriage, to pursue higher education. As cited by Johnson (2016) over females living in a two parent household academic is stressed more.

They emphasize that “parenting styles for African Americans might be direct results of their experiences as a subordinate group in the United States (1349),” which is to say that parental input contributes to students inadequate achievement gap, especially for the black students. A study conducted for controlling parenting styles as well as demographic factors eliminated the achievement gap between White and Black students and found that this is to be the case or one academic outcome –language and literacy skills in ratings. This, they identified was because of the different measures of education, because the study used slightly differing measures for parenting styles, including indicators which reflected the way that parents talk to their children about school experiences, school work, activities among others. Variables such as these, which capture parent-student interaction, contribute to the response of inadequate achievement. In addition, it also helps children from different social backgrounds to develop an orientation towards

The book The Heart of Change shows the practical side of the theories that are taught in the course textbook. It presents stories of successes and failures based in the application of concepts discussed in Organizational Behavior and Management and in class. Although we talked about several different concepts the ones that are evident in the examples in The Heart Of Change are the more progressive and individual centered approaches. The leadership characteristics that are important to successful change in an organization are those that are espoused in the transformational theory of management. It makes sense that ideals in line with the transformational management theory

Over the past twenty years, an abundant body of researches have been done to review transformational leadership and transactional leadership. Burn (1978) was the first person to introduce and conceptualize the concept of transformational leadership and transactional leadership. Bass (1985) based on Burn’s concept and deepened his notion with modifications, which stated that one of the best frameworks of leadership is transformational or transactional. Following Bass and Avolio (1994, p. 4) provided the idea of these two leaderships and generalized them into the development of global economic world. Bass and Avolio (1997) also suggested that there was no need to view transformational and transactional leadership as

“An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Work Environment” (Wilson, 2013), is a research study that seeks to understand the relationship between transformational leadership and work environment in East Africa. This paper will look at the Wilson (2013), research problems, research questions, types of study, data collection procedures, data analysis and the results of the study. This paper will also explain the logic that Wilson (2013) used to study and resolve the problem, as well as look at whether or not the study appears to be a cohesive whole with the component parts interrelated. Finally, this paper will discuss whether or not the author was successful in solving the problem(s), and what problem(s) remains in the study that could require further scholarly investigation.