Comparison Of Evidence And Pattern Evidence

One of the most common evidence an investigator deals with on a daily basis is fingerprints. Everyone has them, and they are unique to every single person. There are no two alike. Fingerprints, unless altered by scarring or other means, are

Forensic evidence is evidence found in or around a crime scene. Then taken to a lab and studied by forensic scientist. This evidence can tell almost exactly what happened at a crime scene.

If each person’s hair has different color and width examined on a microscope then the match found between the suspect;s hair and crime scene hair must be the same person because each person’s hair has different set of characteristics.This hypothesis had been accepted, after comparing each suspect hair with each other. Although some had come close to being similar to each other like Suspect A’s hair sample color and Suspect C’s hair sample color, Suspect A’s hair had a light shade of brown while Suspect C’s hair had a light shade of grey. Even when a person’s hair bears many resemblances to another, there will always be something different about them. This makes each hair unique so the match between two samples must be the same

One of the most important purposes of physical evidence is to establish the identity of a suspect or victim. Some of the most valuable clues at a crime scene are fingerprints. "Processing a crime scene" is a long, tedious process that involves focused documentation of the conditions at the scene and the collection of any physical evidence that could possibly shed light on what happened and point to who did it.

However, back in the 1980s, detailed studies were done to try to accomplish this task. One specific comprehensive study was done in 1984 by Peterson et al. In this study, the analysts found that physical evidence was discovered in only about twenty to thirty percent of serious crimes (Peterson, 2013). When each of the crimes were studied separately, however, they found that only crimes such as homicide, drug, or rape resulted in a large chance of physical evidence being found at the crime (Peterson, 2013). Cases such as attempted murder, burglaries, and robberies yielded lower chances of the retrieval of physical evidence from the crime (Peterson, 2013). When considering all of these possible crimes, the most commonly collected evidence were controlled substances, and then in lesser amounts, there was other physical evidence such as blood, hair, firearms, and fingerprints (Peterson, 2013).

crime scene could be analyzed and compared with a sample from a suspect. A match could place

Forensic evidence has been shown to be reliable due to many factors of evidence such as DNA, blood, fingerprints, etc.; however, many cases have shown that

In the United States, crimes are constantly being committed. Some of the crimes that are committed are simple, and other crimes are extremely complex. Every complex crime comes with its own challenges in distinguishing material evidence. Some evidence can be tiny as a hair, or a fiber that can be located on a piece of clothing or carpet. Even though, the size of the evidence is not important, the information that it provides investigators is crucial to finding the suspect of the crime. With the assistance of trace evidence, investigators can obtain the small particles that can transfer from two objects come together. Collecting material from any crime scene can yield a plethora of information. However, by properly collecting material evidence like the tire print impression, pubic hairs, multiple dog hairs, and foreign fibers. Investigators, were able to convict Cecil Sutherland for kidnapping, sexual assault, and three counts of murder.

Word choice is perhaps one of the most important aspects of writing in the forensic science discipline. “Fingerprint examiners often argue that because friction ridge formation is induced by the stresses and strains experienced by the foetus in utero, which are random and infinite, it is likely that they subsequently produce a random, infinite variety of friction ridge patterns.” (Page, 2011). In the forensic science discipline, there are keywords that have to be known to have a professional and scientific style of writing the will be acceptable. A forensic scientist cannot write a report about the fingerprints of a subject and say that the has a unique pattern of bumps on their fingers. They have to use keywords such as friction ridge patterns, for their report to

As such it incorporates a vast array of disciplines, such as biology and physics and further applies this knowledge to the realm of forensic science (Bevel, & Gardner, 2008). BPA can be directly accomplished through the analysis of physical evidence at the crime scene in conjunction with photography, and/or through the thorough examination of other classes of physical evidence, such as weaponry and clothing (James, Kish, & Sutton, 2005). The analysis of bloodstain patterns provide the investigators of an incident with an extensive assortment of information relative to reconstructing the crime scene (Karger, 2008). Information provided can extend from the positioning of the victim during the bloodshed, the movements of the perpetrator, the mechanisms to which produced the bloodstains, and so forth (James, Kish, & Sutton, 2005). Therefore, the application of BPA assists the investigator in answering what events had occurred and in what sequential manner, where the events occurred and where people were situated, and what did not occur (James, Kish, & Sutton,

It might be hard to figure out which type of evidence to use but Forensic Science evidence is definitely the most useful. It uses DNA and blood with many other things to find the suspect or criminal. Forensic Science can hold all the facts of a case together. In “Forensic Science: Evidence, Clues, and Investigation” by Andrea Campbell, it shows how and why Forensic Science evidence is the most important.

Forensic evidence is the proof that helps solve a crime. This evidence will be sent to crime labs where experts will analyze it. The evidence can affect or completely change the point of view of the investigation, if a suspect is charged, the evidence or findings will be presented to the jury.

In Opposition of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Historically, we know that a bloodstain pattern analysis dates back to the 1800s, but lately has it been subject to rigorous authentication. “At this time very little is known about this beyond the instincts of knowledgeable instructors and investigators who have observed the reproducibility of bloodstain patterns over many crime scenes and practical sessions in the classroom.” DNA analysis now used to identify who bled at a crime scene, but bloodstain pattern analysis is still a vital tool. For instance, it is common for a suspect to claim that he was stained by a victim’s blood while trying to render aid.

Forensic labs are often called into action when police need the identity of an unknown substance to be identified as it could be an illicit drug. There are two major types of tests that can be performed. One is presumptive tests, which indicate the type of substance used, and the other is a confirmatory test, which actually determines the identity of a substance (Watson, 2008).

Every time somebody touches something, they leave behind a unique signature that forever links them to that object. This link is their fingerprints, which are unique to every person, for no two people have the same set, not even family members or identical twins. Palms and toes also leave prints behind, but these are far less commonly found during crime scene investigations. Therefore, fingerprints provide an identification process that is applicable to background checks, biometric security, mass disaster identification, and most importantly, crime scene investigations. Fingerprints are so differentiated because they are made up of distinct patterns of ridges and furrows on the fingers. The ridges are the “raised” portions of the prints, and the furrows are the “recessed” portions. This perceived uniqueness has led some people to falsely accept fingerprint analysis as absolute scientific fact. Although overall fingerprints are reliable, there are definitely situations where their accuracy can come into question.