Comparison Of Heuristic Algorithms Of Renewable Energy Resources For Loss Reduction

In Europe, around 300,000 houses are not interconnected to the main electricity grid (Lymberopoulos & Zoulias, 2008). These houses are located in remote areas such as islands and mountains. Currently, fossil fuel based generators do the electrification of these households. These generators are sometimes supplemented with renewable energy based systems (e.g. PV solar panels or wind turbines). The fossil fuel based generators face problems with onsite fuel availability, noise and local emissions. The renewable energy systems, on the other hand, face problems with the intermittency of the natural source, such as wind or sun. The disadvantages of both systems could be potentially overcome with the introduction of the artificial leaf technology

Authors: Petry, K. U., Rinnau, F., Böhmer, G., Hollwitz, B., Luyten, A., Buttmann, N., & ... Iftner, T.

(SAM) or System Advisor Model is developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and is available for free download. Its main function is to predict the performance and cost of residential and commercial projects. SAM has different options for predicting the performance of photovoltaic systems. The model requires that the user choose from different photovoltaic system models, and depending on that choice, possibly choose from different modules and different inverter component models.

The investigated grid-connected MG in this reference consist of WT, PV, micro turbine, fuel cell, and energy storage devices. For minimizing the operation cost of fuel cell power plant, particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed in [17], in which various tariffs for electrical energy purchase and sell in each hour of day are taken into account. Providing the optimal solution of a PEM fuel cell power plant (FCPP) which is connected to a small-scale MG is proposed in [18], utilizing evolutionary programming (EP) optimization procedure. The capability of purchasing and selling electricity from the local grid and considering thermal output from the fuel cell and the required thermal energy from the grid are remarked in the proposed model in this

capabilities to solve reliability problems and have reduced cost challenges. The use of hybrid electricity gen- eration/storage technologies as off-grid stand-alone systems is reasonable to overcome related shortcomings. Solar and wind energy are two rapidly emerging renewable ones that have precedence in comparison to the other kinds. In this regard, the present paper studies four specific locations in Iran, which are candidates for research centers. Based on the solar radiation and average wind speed maps, techno-economically optimized systems are designed by simulating behavior of various combinations of renewable energy systems with different sizing, including wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC), and battery banks. According to the results obtained by a computer program, it is concluded that the hybrid systems including WT and PV with battery backup are less costly compared to the other systems. Moreover, we found that among non-hybrid systems, in most regions of Iran 's territory PVs are more economical than WTs. Despite of its advantages, FC has not been applied in the optimal systems due to its high initial

This paper presents a Dynamic Programming (DP) method based an algorithm to solve the Unit Commitment (UC) scheduling of the thermal generation units in Yangon. Electricity demands are in its peak in Yangon, it has become very difficult for operators to fulfill the demand in the present. The main objective of Unit Commitment is to determine a minimum cost turn-on and turn-off schedule of a set of electrical power generating units to meet a load demand while satisfying a set of operational constraints. The total production costs include fuel, startup, shutdown, and no-load costs. There are many conventional and evolutionary programming methods used for solving the unit commitment problem. Dynamic programming method is one of the successful approaches to unit commitment problem. Dynamic Programming has many advantages over the enumeration scheme, the chief advantage being a reduction in the dimensionality of the problem. It is one of the refined algorithm design standards and is powerful tool which yields definitive algorithm for various types of optimization problems. To implement the unit commitment problem into an optimization program, the MATLAB® software is used.

Abstract—Hydropower energy is widely used throughout the world, it is provides about 10% of electricity in the United States, more than 99% in Norway, 75% in New Zealand and Malaysia uses hydropower for 11% of its electricity. That is the only renewable energy that is presented commercially practical on the large scale. The mathematic representation of the functions used to calculate the losses and the efficiency can be modified over time as the plant ages. Therefore, this paper presents the relationship between load (MW) and efficiency of each turbine and generator unit. It is applied using an optimization method available in Microsoft Excel 2010 software. This paper’s objective is to compare the theoretical performance curve and the calculated performance curve and also to discuss the hydroelectric power plant performance.

ProbabilisticMulti-objectiveDynamic Economic Emission Dispatch of Hybrid Thermal, PV and Wind Energy Resources using HybridBacktracking search with sequential quadraticOptimization Algorithms

The Distributed is electrical power generation in small scale (usually 1MW to 50MW) near the load centre using either conventional techniques such as Diesel generators and micro turbines or using non-conventional techniques such as Photo-Voltaic, wind turbines and small hydro power. This modern concept of power system is very advantageous as it reduces the load on the grid, consumers get a reliable power of better quality, and consumers can supply surplus power to the grid and earn a considerable profit. Thus, adopting this modern concept of power system is not only beneficial for consumers but also to the utilities.

Here in America, our financial situation continues to look more and more depressing as the debt continues to pile up and the people on top do not seem to have any plan to fix it. The biggest issue our economy currently faces is the generation of revenue to pay off our debt to foreign money lenders there are plenty of smaller factors that plague this nation’s economic stability. Thankfully, they all share one thing in common, which is that many of them could be mitigated by the large-scale implementation of renewable energy through the nation. We’ve all been taught from a very young age that renewable energy is good simply because it is better for our environment than the usage of fossil fuels, but we were never taught

The Lagrangian Relaxation algorithm being implemented in basically an extension of Non - Convex Optimization to a power system. In this project, we have taken up the cost functions of each of the generators under consideration and developed the cost function to be minimized keeping the mind the generator limits as well as the load balance.

Energy plays an important role in human activities. The utilization of fossil fuel based energy resources has increased the impact on the global environmental issues such as CO2 emissions that contribute to global warming and a drastic climate changing. The need of exploitation of new sources such as renewable energy (RE) becomes crucial. The combination of multi-source renewable energies at the distribution stage and the proper energy management will definitely reducing the cost of operation and could deliver the best efficiency and reliability to the users.

Monte Carlo simulation is used to solve both probabilistic and deterministic problems. In the case of a probabilistic problem a simple Monte Carlo approach can be used to observe the random numbers, which is chosen in such a way that they directly simulate the physical random processes of the original problem, and to assume the preferred solution from the behavior of these random numbers.

With a growing population, our need for electricity is an essential for modern living. Though, as our fossil fuel resources continue to deplete and the emissions of greenhouse gasses continue to grow, we now face the ever growing problem of finding power sources that are both renewable and virtually clean.

Renewable energy generation mainly takes place in remote settings. Hence there is a great possibility for local towns or areas of getting a fair share of power generated. Electrification of those areas can open sky-kissing opportunities for development .