Comparison of Accounting System

Accounting is the methodical and full recording of financial transactions relating to a business, and it also denotes to the procedure of briefing, examining and evaluating these transactions to cross checking agencies and tax collection agencies. Accounting is one of the key purposes for nearly any company. It may be done by an auditor and accountant at small businesses or by substantial finance subdivisions with lots of employee’s at

This assignment reviews basic accounting entries for a series of transactions, emphasizes the integration of journals to the financial statements, and introduces students to these journal entries in SAP ERP

S., & Hassan, M. K. (2012). The domination of financial accounting on managerial Commerce & Management, 22(4), 306-327. doi:10.1108/10569211211284502

In 1853, first association of professional accountants, it also can be regarded as the beginning of the modern accounting profession. The UK accounting system is conducive to a principles-based approach rather than a rules-based approach to standard setting. Furthermore, the UK 's politic system is common law, which shows that accounting system in the UK has relatively fewer statutes, more interpretation and tends to be more flexible, adaptive and innovative, etc. Also, taxation does not have influence on accounting system, but Germany and Japan are in opposite Therefore, these all can have a significant influence on accounting system in the UK.

While the traditional management accounting techniques may have contributed to planning, controlling and decision making processes at the nation state level, the requirements of globalisation in which nation states now compete for survival in the global market rather than state market, has rendered traditional techniques obsolete and therefore calls for the mobilisation of modern techniques of management accounting. It also calls for the service of accountants with modern management accounting techniques for a successful implementation.

As the complexity of our financial economy develops it is important that our accounting standards progress in accordance. Accounting is very important to the development of the global and local economies. Accounting is basically the gathering, summarizing and presenting of financial information of an entity to interested internal, external and possible investors. This information should be presented in a non-bias way so that other people are able understand.

The accounting system in the US was strongly influenced by the SEC as opposed to a governmental influence. The SEC sells, exchanges and trades securities, protects investors while maintaining fair, orderly and efficient markets and ultimately facilitates capital formation (Pereira, 1992, p17). The US has the largest and one of the most important, stock exchanges in the world - the New York Stock Exchange located on Wall Street in New York City. This makes the US a huge market for investors world-wide. All investors would like to have access to certain facts about an investment before buying it and while holding it. In order to achieve this, the SEC requires all public firms and companies to disclose meaningful financial and other information to the public, to follow GAAP (SEC, 2007). Thus, any company that wishes to be a market in the SEC’s securities must register with the SEC. For those companies with foreign registrants, the SEC requires them to either report under US GAAP or to provide reconciliations to US GAAP (Nobes, p146, 2006). The SEC also requires public firms to follow GAAP in order to be audited. It is quite evident that most of American accounting is rule based, not government based. According to Nobes’ textbook, Comparative International Accounting, the commission since its inception has intended to limit the exercise of its accounting standard-setting authority to a supervisory role, permitting and encouraging the private sector, currently

When talking about accounting, the first thing we should know is the history of its development. Traditionally, the development is from inductive to deductive. Inductive theory assume what is done by the majority is the most appropriate practice. However, It did not seek to evaluate the logic or merit of

In this report I will be describing how legislation and accounting concepts, could affect a business company’s accounting policies. I will also be talking what Acts contain, concepts and their importance, and also accounting policies. I will be supporting my work with examples.

Today, accountants are subject to the same global economic changes that are impacting professional in every sector. With the deconstruction of global barriers, a whole new host of economic realities must drive accounting decisions, requiring knowledge of the economic practices not just in a domestic country of operation but also in a partner state or states. This combines with pointed domestic pressures emerging from political systems such as that in the United States.

Deeply influenced by the culture, tradition, and the social system Chinese accounting system is tightly controlled by the government which is Ministry of Finance of China. According to Wei-guo Zhang (Weiguo Zhang. China’s challenge: Building an accounting system. 1996), this feature is the “unique feature of Chinese accounting methods.” Ministry of Finance is the most powerful financial department of Chinese government which handles all the businesses of finance, accounting, and economics. It has the major power of decision-making of accounting standards; cares about the setting of accounting standards; monitors the implement of the accounting standards and modifies the accounting standards.

The Government also got heavily involved and in this period and managed to pass 7 companies acts in a relatively short period of time. Although it was almost two decades before another Companies Act got passed. This act was the Companies Act 2006, which plays a large role in the UKs accounting activities today. According to the Companies Act 2006, accounting standards are: ‘…statements of standard accounting practice issued by such body as may be prescribed by regulations. (Companies Act, 2006)

Accounting is the language of business. It is a profession that is being guided by principles, concepts, conventions, laws, etc. All these fundamental building blocks serve as common and general compasses to all practitioners of the profession. In some cases, they are nation-wide tailored, while in other cases, they are universally tailored. Accounting as a living, practical, dynamic and realistic profession covers so many areas of social, economic (business), and governmental activities. Surely, any endeavour that involves monetary and material activities create a room for the services of Accounting. Many of the human endeavours for which the accounting profession plays significant (some times inevitable) roles include; Banking, Insurance, Manufacturing, Farming Contracting, Oil and Gas, Mining, Transportation (Air, Land and Sea), Educational Institutions, Churches, Ministries, ICT, Hire Purchase, Local Government Authorities, Estate Businesses, Export and Import Businesses, Bill of Exchange Transactions, Royalties Transactions, Consignment Transactions, Stock Market Transactions, Sports, Entertainment, Hospitals and Hospitality Industry, etc.

The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) has recently released four new standards: FRS 100 Application of Financial Reporting Requirements; FRS 101 Reduced Disclosure Framework; FRS 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland; and FRS 103 Insurance Contacts. FRS 100 basically describes who does what with the new UK GAAP. It describes which principles apply to which type of business; when a business can apply the reduced disclosure framework; and when a business should follow a statement of recommended practices, or SORP. FRS 101 lays out a reduced disclosure framework for entities. Certain entities can choose to use this reduced disclosure framework while creating their financial statements. FRS 102

All businesses has a obligated task to prepare financial statements that shows the performance of the business at the end of a accounting period. Accounting standards regulation is important because it helps to ensure that companies are transparent in preparation of financial statements which reflects the true results of the company’s outcome. If there are no regulations for preparing financial statements, anyone can prepare and present the financial statements to the public without considering credibility.