Complexity theory is a subset of chaos theory, it focuses on how groups of living things behave.

In a complex adaptive system such as healthcare, the concept theory is grounded in research of complexity science, as it applies

“Chaos theory proves that unpredictability is built into our daily lives.”(Crichton 313). Ian Malcolm’s words resolve the book, Jurassic Park, in a very absolute way. Throughout the book, Malcolm, spoke about chaos theory and his self proclaimed “Malcolm Effect” to explain his reasoning in his predictions. Ian Malcolm had predicted the demise of Jurassic Park even before its opening, as well as its multiple problems and difficulties. Malcolm’s theory is evidenced countless times throughout the story of Jurassic Park; dinosaurs are breeding, dinosaurs are escaping, and systems fail.

A complicated system is one in which the outcome or the result of the system is predictable. And where

A system is “A set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole” (robbins 2006), and Systems theory is the

In order for any organization to be successful, they must find effective ways to change systems and policies that are ineffective in creating a successful environment. A system consists of four things, elements, attributes, internal relationships, and the system environment. The systems theory is transdisciplinary study of the abstract organization of phenomena, independent of their substance, type, or spatial or temporal scale of existence (Heylighen & Joslyn, 1992). The study investigates all the principals common to all complex bodies, and the models which can be used to describe them. Von Bertalanffy (1971) was the creator of the “system” concept, he developed this idea as an answer to the limitations of individual disciplines in addressing complex social issues (Mitchell, 2005). The underlining principal of this theory is that an organization consists of multiple, interdependent parts that collectively form more than the sum of their parts. Developed from the systems theory, are three separate theories with the basis of each being the systems theory. The activity theory considers the entire program versus just one single sector, it sees the operation as a whole instead of sub departments, it combines both micro and macro elements of the organization. The chaos theory does not mean a chaotic hectic situation, rather a situation where there appears to be little to no order, there really is a hidden underlying order. The complexity theory is

According to Butts and Rich (2015), complexity science is a knowledge founded on physics and mathematics that operates using basic principles to elucidate the connection between variables. Butts and Rich add that complexity science is a developing field of interest that is catching the attention of scholars from different disciplines because it provides a different viewpoint on various phenomena of interest. According to Sturmberg and Martin (2009), although there has been an ongoing push for application of complexity science in health care, this is not an attempt to eradicate the reductionistic view. Complexity science only aims to fabricate a new and more comprehensive understanding of the world by unifying both the holistic and reductionist viewpoint (Sturmberg & Martin, 2009).

Complexity. Complexity theory, also known as complexity science, or complex systems, is a unifying framework to understand how parts of a system and their relationships give rise to the collective behaviors of a system, and how the system interacts and forms relationships with its environment. Complexity (as I will refer henceforth for ease), identified underlying parallels in phenomena as diverse as the rise and fall of civilizations, the human immune system, the origins of life, the evolution of species, the workings of the human brain, the onset of psychiatric illnesses, ecological systems, genetic selection, and the world economy. The application is prevalent in biology, mathematics, philosophy, medicine, neuroscience, sociology, anthropology, ecology, psychology, and philosophy, basically

Friedrich, T. L., Vessey, W. B., Schuelke, M. J., Ruark, G. A., & Mumford, M. D. (2009). A framework for understanding collective leadership: The selective utilization of leader and team expertise within networks. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(6), 933-958. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.09.008

chaos. I agree that it is quite a disturbance, but to broadly categorize it as simply chaos does not

The first concept establishes that all parts of the system are interconnected (Kaakinen et al., 2015). Therefore, if one part of the system experiences a problem then the entire system will be affected. The second and third concepts are an extension of the first. The theory also recognizes that the larger system is composed of smaller subsystems (Kaakinen et al., 2015). However, the entire system is more complex than simply adding all the subsystems together. The final concept states the system has boundaries with internal and external environments (Kaakinen et al.,

The Contingency theory, developed in 1950s, argues that there is no 'one best way ' to structure an organization and we face different possibilities when determining how it should be structured and how it should be managed. Successful organizations adopt structures that are an appropriate response to a number of variables, or contingencies (Enoch, 2006).

Chaos theory is a more recently discovered organization theory. Don’t let the word chaos misdirect you in your thoughts on this theory. This theory actually believes that order can be achieved,

• The dynamic systems theory is what causes humans to adapt to changes in their environment

Finally, an essentially important element within systems is the group size and complexity. The more members that a group has, the more complex problems they are going to have to deal with. Size is a critical element in any human system. For example, even with such a basic group need to schedule meetings, as the size of the group increases, problems increase. The more people that are in a group, the more people that are not going to be able to meet on a certain date.

With the second wave of systems theory came about the idea of the ecological perspective, named ecological systems theory. It is the combining of general systems theory with an ecological approach. Ecological systems theory uses ideas that link together four different social systems that surround an individual; these systems are known as, micro-systems, meso-systems, exo-systems and macro-systems (Healy, 2005). The ecological model is used as a tool. These systems are very structured and use certain processes as guideline. Different processing concepts are used in systems theory. These concepts explain how the system works. Input is the energy being fed into the system across boundaries. Throughput is how the energy is used within the system and output is the