Complications of Obstetric Hemorrhage in the Antepartum and Postpartum Periods

A prolapsed umbilical cord can be a life-threatening situation for the baby. The compression of the cord causes oxygen deprivation which can cause death of the fetus. It often occurs when the membranes rupture during delivery. A few emergent interventions that the nurse should take include administering oxygen via nasal cannula, call for help and prepare the mom for an emergency cesarean section. The nurse may also insert a sterile glove inside the vagina to relieve pressure on the umbilical cord and help restore blood flow to the fetus. Possible complications that the mother may experience include birth canal trauma if forceps are used rapidly during vaginal birth and blood loss or infection during a cesarean birth. Possible complications

Giving birth to a baby is the most amazing and miraculous experiences for parents and their loved ones. Every woman’s birth story is different and full of joy. Furthermore, the process from the moment a woman knows that she’s pregnant to being in the delivering room is very critical to both her and the newborn baby. Prenatal care is extremely important and it can impact greatly the quality of life of the baby. In this paper, the topic of giving birth will be discussed thoroughly by describing the stories of two mothers who gave birth in different decades and see how their prenatal cares are different from each other with correlation of the advancement of modern medicine between four decades.

Treatment for non-compressible hemorrhages depends on the location of the hemorrhage; if the wound is relatively shallow in the abdominal area and it is possible to reach the site of bleeding, then gauze and fluid resuscitation may be used. Unfortunately, these techniques are not very effective over time. If the injury is internal, like an injury to the spleen, liver or retroperitoneal vasculature, then the only current treatment is emergency surgery. However, most non-compressible hemorrhage injuries occur when medical treatment is not immediately available; transport time to reach a hospital could take hours, compromising the survival rate of the injured patient.

Childbirth is one of the greatest privileges on the earth anyone could have and we, as women, should feel proud to be major contributors for it. Thus, a mother has to play a key role in aiding the healthcare workers to mitigate the health crisis associated with childbirth by performing her duties faithfully. One such associated health crisis is “Premature (preterm) birth” which occurs when the baby is born too early, before 37 weeks of gestational period (CDC, 2015). The rate of preterm birth ranges from 5% to 18% of babies born across 184 countries (WHO, 2015).

At this point I would anticipate the HCP to order bed rest on the left side to hence placental perfusion, monitoring the fetus heart rate through an external monitor and monitoring vital signs. Also, limiting vaginal examination to prevent infection, monitor both fetus and mother for adverse effects tocolytic drugs and measurement of intake and output and prepare Elinah for birth (Ricci el., 2017. Pg. 813)

Postpartum hemorrhage kills more new mothers than any other cause—an estimated 71,800 annually ("Driving progress toward 2015").

Postpartum complications are typically health complications in women that we associate with a full term delivery. For women who experience a miscarriage, there is a marked risk for post-partum complications as well. If you have recently terminated a pregnancy, or experienced spontaneous miscarriage, it is important to know what health complications may arise especially those complications associated with hormonal imbalances. Postpartum thyroiditis is one of the most under diagnosed health complications in women who have had a sudden end to a pregnancy. As a condition that can lead to the secondary development of depression, complications with weight gain, and a complication with body temperature regulation, many doctors simply dismiss the

Trauma is the most common cause of injury and death in pregnant women. This can also result in significant harm or death of the baby.

Her final vaginal exam was at ten centimeters dilated and one hundred percent effaced. The patient’s support system during labor and delivery was her boyfriend, the father of her child. After her induction via artificial rupture of membranes, she had a intrauterine pressure catheter placed and was prescribed Pitocin at 22milli-units/min.

The stern figures of the global burden of pregnancy-related deaths are now so well known. Every year, approximately eight million women suffer pregnancy-related complications 289 000 women die due to complications in pregnancy and childbirth, and 6.6 mil¬lion children below 5 years of age die of complications in the newborn period and of common childhood diseases. Worldwide, the majority of maternal and newborns deaths occur around the time of birth, typically within the first 24 hours after childbirth. In developing countries, one woman in 16 may die due to pregnancy-related complications compared to one in 2800 in developed countries. Many of these maternal and neonatal deaths more than 80% of could be prevented or avoided through actions

Plan & Implementation: The discussion I will have with my patient today is if the bleeding is similar to a period or just a pink on the toilet tissue. Has the bleeding stopped after a few days or is it continuous? Is she having any painful cramping or intense pain? As with her other pregnancies did she have any bleeding or miscarriages? The vaginal bleeding in any trimester is often common and serious symptom, and needs to be investigated the prevalence and predictors of bleed (Sun et al 2012). The patients in the second trimester have anatomical abnormalities as suspected of cervical incompetence and a cervical cerclage was done (Sharma et al

It is very important that when trasporting the patient with HELLP syndrome, that care is taken not to traumatize the liver with palpations to the abdomen. Cesarean births are sometimes needed to avoid prolonged labor that is liable to cause maternal morbidity. Continued assessments of hypoxia and hemorrhage are extremely important. According to the American Pregnancy Association (2016), the most serious commplications and risks of HELLP syndrome are: “placental abruption, pulmonary edema ( fluid buildup in the lungs), diseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC—blood clotting problems that result in hemorrhage),adult respiratory distress syndrome (lung failure), ruptured liver hematoma, acute renal failure, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), infant respiratory distress syndrome (lung failure), and blood transfusion” (para 15). After the delivery of the baby, most women will recover within three days.

Pregnancy is normally the best and the happiest stage of any woman, but it can also be uncertain because anything can go wrong if you do not know exactly what to do. In order to understand the reasons of why Preterm Birth occurs, it is important to know what it is and how risky it can be. Preterm Birth is also known as Premature labor which mainly begins after “20 weeks but before 37 completed week’s gestations. Approximately 12.9 million babies worldwide are born too early every year representing an incidence of PTB of 9.6%” (Berghella, pp. 2, 8). Baby Center Medical Advisory Board says that about 12 percent of babies

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a significantly life-threatening complication that can occur after both vaginal and caesarean births (Ricci & Kyle, 2009). Simpson and Creehan (2008) define PPH as the amount of blood loss after vaginal birth, usually more than 500mL, or after a caesarean birth, normally more than 1000mL. However, the definition is arbitrary, attributed to the fact that loss of blood during birth is intuitive and widely inaccurate (Ricci & Kyle, 2009). In line with this, studies have suggested that health care providers consistently underestimate actual blood loss, thus, an objective definition of PPH would be any amount of bleeding that exposes a mother in hemodynamic jeopardy (Ricci &

This woman was invited to the maternity assessment unit due to spontaneous rupture of membranes. This is her first birth in this country as her other 3 children were born in India- All normal vaginal deliveries. Although, her antenatal period had been low risk, she had not had a recent enough full blood count (FBC) taken, which would put her at risk of having a low Hb level and due to her parity – she could also be at risk of a postpartum hemorrhage (Royal college of obstetricians & gynaecologists, 2009). Therefore, the decision was made to put her on delivery suite rather than in the low risk birth centre.