Components For Map Building Ultrasonic Range Sensor, Stepper Motor Driver And Serial Communication System

The equivalent electrical circuit of a dc motor is shown in figure 5.2. It can be represented by a voltage source (Va) across the coil of the armature. The electrical equivalent of the armature coil can be described by an inductance (La) in series with a resistance (Ra) in series with an induced voltage (Vc) which

The Echo design is ambidextrous. This trigger is the safest, as it can go to safe from the firing position when the hammer is down. The echo trigger system has the capability of using a belt fed upper receiver which may prove to be helpful in a deployed location. This device will not fire if it’s not in full battery, but will continue when the trigger is released avoiding some malfunctions.

Transducers can now deliver both 3D/4D and 2D images with just the click of a button. The ultra-thin, target beam provides tissue uniformity, resulting in less artifacts. Current transducers can also take images from two planes simultaneously without rotating the transducer in which takes away the risk of losing tiny objects. Transducers now provide medical instrument navigation, which helps guide medical tools during internal procedures. Unlike old transducers, new technology allows transducers to provide high resolution images, even in the most difficult anatomy. Leading to early detection and treatment of tumors. These improvements have allowed physicals to see things that are a lot smaller and deeper, which were unable to be seen before. With these technological improvements physicians can see in much more clearer definition. “Everyone is so use to ultrasound pictures being fuzzy,” said Tomo Hasegawa, director, ultrasound business unit, Toshiba America Medical Systems. “With enhancement in computer technology, we’re starting to get images that are so clear, people don’t even realize its ultrasound.”

Before this code could be implemented, it was decided that the overall systems needed to be developed first. Brainstorming was conducted in determining the drive system and the dispenser to be needed which would result in being similar to the manufactured designs. Brainstorming for these systems primarily were drawings, with the Figure 11 image being the intended design to have an idea of choices for decision matrices. This became the first preliminary design (Figure 12) followed this design’s idea but with slight modifications. The base was first built with treads in order to ensure that there is sufficient traction and synchronized wheels for accurate movement. A simple RobotC code was developed to simply make this drive system drive around, which demonstrated to suffice to the design requirements by being able to move or turn in a desired fashion and at a range of speeds. A flowchart (Figure 13) was developed in order to directly relate to the original code and plan additional code for the functions of the ALV. It was desired to have a slower speed as this

On Day 0, a base line test was performed to ensure the instrument was working correctly. The instrument was then calibrated using Canterbury materials

The same project can be implemented with the help of wireless communication technologies so that it may enable the control from distant place.

"The use of ultrasound to vibrate a part to be cleaned while the part is immersed in a cleaning fluid. The process produces a very high degree of cleanliness, and is used for jewellery and ornately shaped items" [HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003]

The motor allow to the board to run smoothly on fields with the help of

After the decisions regarding the body structure, it’s the time for designing the heart of the robot. Similar to many RC cars and other mini robot vehicles, using DC motors with a great package of speed reducer gearbox would be the best method to run the vehicle. In this section, I express a brief description of the DC motors and the chosen speed reducer gears, then next chapter would include more details regarding the relation between the motors and the power moves the vehicle with all the accessories. Also, it should be strong enough to supply the enough digging force when supporting the arm.

Main Engine Console. This component is the basically the ‘body’ of the entire Robotic Arm Connector Module and it specifically contains many areas of gears, gear belts, magnets, computer chips, and stepping motors. When an astronaut sends information from the computer to the robotic arm, the wires will transport the electrons to the microchip where the information will be deciphered by its internal program. Afterwards, the microchip will deliver the electrons on behalf of the instructions given by

Figure One. (a) The internal arrangement of the coils for a bipolar stepper motor. (b) The internal arrangement of the coils for a unipolar stepper motor. Wires a through d are

The machine is made of light alloy and is equipped with sensory apparatus (a form of radar) to enable it to move around without bumping into things. It is programmable through a keyboard andthe hypercard storage systemm underneath the panel in the chest. Suchprogramss enable the machine to walk, move its hands and arms and perform other movement. It has recently been equipped with 'voice programming'

The Arduino microcontroller will be brought to the path following robot project and research whether the robot fulfil the performance expectation. Also analyse the robot performance by comparing robots activity while following the path.

The HC-SR04 module is a distance sensor which utilises ultrasonic signal to conduct its readings. From the datasheet, it has range of 2cm to 400cm and it uses 40kHz sound waves2. The ‘Trig’ pin (input) is used to trigger an ultrasonic pulse, while the ‘Echo’ pin (output) produces a signal when the pulse is detected. The ‘Vcc’ pin is connected to 5V and the ‘GND’ is connected to the ground pin.

System will be divided in several modules those will offer different functionalities. These modules are as follows: