Network-Based Network Essay

3: Network Layer: The use of network layer is switching and routing technologies. It demonstrates logical path and virtual circuits for transferring data from one node to

Layer 3: Network - The way that the data will be sent to the recipient device is determined in this layer. Logical protocols, routing and addressing are handled here.

Psoc ( Prrogrammable system on chip) is a highly programmable embedded design platform. It is compossed of core, configurable analog and digital blocks programmable routing and interconnect. Digital and analog i,e it includes programable analog capabilities as well.

This makes sure the data transferred is in the right order, error free and reliable from beginning to end. The Network Layer is the third layer of the model and its function is to interpret the network addresses into physical addresses and figure out how to direct them from the sender to the receiver. The next layer is the Data Link Layer, this is the second layer and it separates the data it receives from the Network layer into specific frames so they can be transmitted by the Physical layer. Frames are packages for moving data, they include the raw data, the sender and receiver’s addresses, as well as error checking and control information. This makes sure the frames are delivered to their destination without any problems. The physical layer is the first layer and the lowest, the protocols at this layer recognize and receive the frames from the Data Link layer. They also monitor data error and set data transmission

In the design, the topology used is a star topology. The computers in every office or classroom are linked to the central device known as the switch. The star topology leads to the expansion of the network without any disruption. This defines the use of a hub, a router or a switch to interconnect various computers together. All the workstations in this topology are connected with a connection of point-to-point to the central device. The data is first passed through the primary device before reaching the planned destination. Hub controls and manages the whole network. The hubs connect several nodes that are present in the star system. The hub acts as the signal booster (Elhakeem, 2010).

In the seven layers of the OSI, control is passed between layers. The model is theoretical, but tells us how a network takes the data sent from the application all the way down to the physical layer and out, to in the physical layer and back up all the way to the application layer. This Model has nothing to do with the actual functions of the process. Instead it is a concept of the framework, so the complexities of a network can be broken down and understood (Beal, 1999).

It is the software structure, which implements the communication function. The protocol architecture consists of a layered set of protocols, with one or more

The NIC is an adapter that controls the exchange of information between the network and the user. In this company branches NIC’s are increasingly preinstalled and have the ability to automatically configure to match the speed of the network to which they are connected.

1. How does the abstraction of the physical layer facilitate interoperability across networks using different types of physical wires?

This assignment will be mainly about network components and how do they operate, what are their functions and what are their flaws.

The layer starts from 7 being the top layer and 1 being the lowest layer of the OSI model. Application layer- Serves as the window for users and application processes to access networks services like web browser (Internet explorer, Mozilla) protocols – DNS & SSH etc. Presentation layer- Translates data from the format send into the format that program can understand. Session Layer- Starts and end session and also keeps them isolated protocols- SMB,NFS, Socks and allows session establishment between processes running on different stations. Network- Determines addressing method for being transmitted. Transport- Defines ports and reliability protocols- TCP, UDP. Network- logical or IP addressing: Determines best path for the destination protocols- IPV4, IPV6, ICMP, IPsec. Data link- Contain data into a frame that contains a header with a destination. Switches, Mac addressing protocols- PPTP, Token Ring. Physical Link- Determines the hardware used and the method used for data transmission like cables, network interface cards, electrical

Bus – All computers and devices are connected asynchronous to one linear cable known as a trunk or generally known as a backbone. each ends of the trunk should be terminated to prevent the signal from bouncing duplicate the cable. as a result of the network

In this type of communications two frequencies are used therefore the up and down links job is to separate such frequencies and eliminate interference in order to make full duplex communications possible. Usually the frequency carried by the downlink is lower compared to the uplink and the

All the computers, in the logically and physically networks have to follow the same rules known as Protocols such as TCP/IP, IPX/SPX and NETBEUI etc. Today, there are many computer networking technologies such as LAN, MAN, WAN, WLAN, ISDN, ATM, Frame Relay, X.25, Bluetooth,

A given layer in the OSI model generally communicates with three other OSI layers: the layer directly above it, the layer directly below it, and its peer layer in other networked computer systems. The data link layer in System A, for example, communicates with the network layer of System A, the physical layer of System A, and the data link layer in System B. The following figure illustrates this example.