Compulsory Processing Disorder Case Study

Many parents believe that they are the reason why their child acts a certain way. Researchers are unable to pin point exactly what is the cause of sensory integrated problems but are able to narrow down several possible directions such as genetic factors, premature birth, birth trauma, viruses, illnesses, drugs or alcohol during pregnancy and many more. Unable to understand their child’s behavior, parents have chosen to medicate their child to help them focus. These children may show signs of unacceptable or inappropriate behavior such as very active, inattentive, impulsive, impatient or very loud. Even though some parents may believe their child is aware and conscious of their behavior, they are not. Children are having a very difficult time focusing even if they are trying their hardest. Another approach that therapist have found helpful is sensory integration therapy. “Sensory integration therapy also known as SI therapy is a method of treating children who have problems processing sensory stimuli called sensory integration disorder.” Professionals must approach each child with a sensory integration disorder in a positive way. Therapist must challenge the students and create a setting that would allow the students to feel a sense of accomplishment. According to “Helping hyperactive kids” the feeling of success is an important first step in your child’s ability to process sensory stimuli.

A study was done focusing on Kyle a 4 grade student. He is having difficulty listening, following instructions and comprehending lessons and lectures, including answering the teacher’s questions directly. Background noise is particularly distracting for Kyle,

After a complete audiologic evaluation, the child was diagnosed with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) and central auditory processing disorder (CAPD; Iliadou et al., 2015). Case two was an 8-year, 10-month-old girl who was diagnosed with SSD after receiving speech therapy for two consecutive months and obtaining slow progress (despite what the mother felt). After completing a diagnostic hearing evaluation, the girl presented with a slight-to-mild hearing loss bilaterally, impaired cochlear involvement, and CAPD (Iliadou et al., 2015). The final case analyzed was a 4-year, 5-month-old girl who was receiving speech therapy for SSD and was not making the expected gains after four months of therapy. The parents reported their daughter did not speak in sentences until she was 3-years-old, but had an otherwise unremarkable medical history. The audiologic evaluation determined she had CAPD (although the actual diagnosis is not given to children until after the age of 7 years), cochlear dysfunction, and middle ear dysfunction (even after bilateral pressure equalizing [PE] tubes were inserted; Iliadou et al., 2015). While the definition of SSD describes the absence of acquired disorders (such as hearing losses, CAPD,

Auditory Processing Disorder affects many children. It affects the way incoming sounds and speech are perceived and processed. Many times Auditory Processing Disorder goes undiagnosed and misdiagnosed as other disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). These Children will also be perceived as unintelligent. A majority of the time these children are of normal intelligence, but due to the difficulties they experience with hearing they are perceived as unintelligent. By examining and studying several sources I will be addressing basic information regarding this disorder, its characteristics, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It is important to understand this disorder more fully in order to diagnose and treat these patients to the best of our abilities. By diagnosing and creating a treatment plan for the patient at a young age, we can help them overcome and learn how to live with this disorder. We are providing them all the tools necessary to live a successful life.

“Sensory processing, (sometimes referred to as “sensory integration” or SI) is a term that describes the way the nervous system receives messages from the senses, and turns them into appropriate motor and behavioral responses,” (“Sensory processing disorder foundation,” 2014). No matter the task we are fulfilling: eating lunch, sitting in a classroom, or walking around at the mall, there is some type of sensation involved. Be it the taste of our food, the sound of people walking by, or the bright lights of a classroom, we are surrounded by sensory stimulation. “Sensory Processing Disorder, (SPD) is a condition that exists when sensory signals do not get organized into appropriate responses,” (“Sensory processing disorder foundation,” 2014). Occupational therapist and developmental psychologist, Dr. Anna Jean Ayres (1920-1989), Ph.D., OTR, was the first to use the term sensory integration dysfunction in 1963 and described it as, “The neurological process that organizes sensation from one’s own body and from the environment and makes it possible to use the body effectively within the environment,” (Ayres, 1972). It is sometimes referred to as a neurological “traffic jam” preventing specific parts of the brain from receiving the sufficient information they need to respond to stimulus in the environment.

School-based occupational therapists facilitate children with disabilities to participate in school occupations. These occupations can range from playing with peers to social interactions with peers and teachers, academic and non-academic activities, activities of self-maintenance and interactions with the school environment (Chandler & Clark, 2013). Nearly thirteen percent of children in public schools receive special education services (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2017). Approximately fifteen to eighty percent of children with various disabilities also have sensory processing disorder (SPD; Ahn, Miller, Milberger, & McIntosh, 2004). SPD impairs children’s ability to detect, modulate, interpret, and respond to sensory

Jolliffe’s first-hand account of what it is like to be autistic, allows the reader to invariably emphasise the difficulties she has with the processing of sensory-perceptual information. ‘When I was young I was thought to have a hearing problem – it was noticed that I did not always respond to people when spoken to and I had difficulty understanding what people were saying and in learning to speak’ (quoted in Jolliffe, Landsdown and Robinson, 1992: 12). Being under-responsive to sound can be evident even in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) whose hearing is normal. Similarly, Rosenhall et al. (1999, pg. 359) suggest over-sensitivity to sound, also known as hyperacusia is not rare, and specific sounds may evolve into the focus

Sensory Processing Disorder is often mistaken for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), learning disabilities, poor auditory or visual discrimination, speech/language problems, allergies, nutritional deficiencies, an emotional disorder, or just typical child behavior (Kranowitz, p 21). Now there are procedures to diagnose SPD. First, a screening is performed. The screening is used to identify differences in development and judge if a more comprehensive screening is warranted. The primary importance of the screening is linking sensory impairments to challenges in functioning in life. If an

Have you ever wondered if your child could have Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)? A better question might be, have you ever heard of Sensory Processing Disorder? I had never had to ask myself either of those questions until my 2 year old daughter was diagnosed nearly a month ago, and since receiving the diagnosis we have been trying to really understand exactly what the disorder means for her. SPD is a disorder of the brain where sensory input involving things such as touch, sight, sound, smell is received, but is then poorly interpreted due to her own personal receptors. Children with SPD often "over-feel" or "under-feel" noises, sounds, smells, and sensations. Experts in SPD now believe that up to 13% of children may have Sensory Processing

I worked with a family with two children. Their daughter was diagnosed with ADHD and a Processing Disorder. She was not diagnosed until fourth grade but not because of her mother advocating for her. Mom was misinformed about having her daughter tested to see if she qualified for special services. She was told they would have to wait three years will her daughter failing each year in order to qualify for special services. The school kept telling mom to wait maybe she will get it next time. The frustrating part was that the mother worked at the school as an educational technician.

Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is a term used to describe the way the nervous system receives and interprets senses, which in turn translates to appropriate behavioral or motor responses. An individual with SPD has difficulties organizing sensory responses and transitioning these responses appropriately. By not receiving appropriate sensory information a person with SPD may have difficulties performing daily tasks. As with other disorders sensory processing disorder has a wide range of severity within a spectrum. Although many may have occasional difficulties processing sensory information, individuals with SPD are chronic that create continual obstacles of various daily tasks. In fact, research suggests that over 90% of

The brain is the most complex and mysterious asset to the human body. Information retrieved from the senses are processed by the brain “to create an internal representation of the external world”, which is crucial “for the survival and reproduction of the species” (Axel, 2004). If this brain interpretation were to be disrupted, daily activities and other simple tasks would be difficult to accomplish. Such lives are those who have sensory processing disorder. Sensory processing disorder, or SPD, is the “lack of ability to use information received by the senses in order to efficiently function in everyday life” (Borkowska, 2017). Those who have SPD can suffer from a multitude of symptoms, including “over sensitivity to stimulation”

Sensory Processing Disorder can be defined as an inability to process certain sensory stimuli effectively. There is no known cure for this disorder. Symptoms of SPD can manifest themselves as behavioral disorders that interfere with the student’s ability to learn. Children that suffer from SPD may withdraw and or engage in self -stimulating behavior. Occupational therapy helps, but more supports and accommodations need to become apart of the classrooms. However, it is very important to note that all decisions regarding supports and accommodations for

This can cause difficulty in functioning with every day activities especially in a classroom setting. In the book The Challenging Child, Stanley Greenspan (1996) explained sensory processing disorder in this way; "Imagine driving a car that isn't working well. When you step on the gas the car sometimes lurches forward and sometimes doesn't respond. When you blow the horn it sounds blaring. The brakes sometimes slow the car, but not always. The blinkers work occasionally, the steering is erratic, and the speedometer is inaccurate. You are engaged in a constant struggle to keep the car on the road, and it is difficult to concentrate on anything else (Greenspan, 1996, p. 4).”

Alex was diagnosed with Audio Processing Disorder, or APD, when he was nine months old. When the mother had been informed of this it had involved a meeting with both social workers and military approved doctors to discuss Alex’s and his mother’s options. APD is often defined as difficulties in hearing and understanding speech with peripheral hearing. Many children with APD often find themselves confused during conversations, are unsure of what is being communicated to them and have difficulties with rapid or degraded speech (Yalçinkaya & Keith, 2008).