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Content
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Introduction
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History
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Computer Software
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Computer Hardware
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Function and Application In Medical Field
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Advantage
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Disadvantage
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Precaution
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Conclusion
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Reference
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INTRODUCTION
The first use of the word “computer” was recorded in 1613 in a book called “The yong mans gleanings” by English writer Richard Braithwait. It referred to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, a machine that carries out
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In the year 1981, Microsoft introduces MS-DOS operating system that ease the users to give command.
21st century is known as the golden age of computer as all is depending on computers. Mobile computers start to emerge. With the continued miniaturization of computing resources, and advancements in portable battery life, portable computers grew in popularity in the 1990s.The same developments that spurred the growth of laptop computers and other portable computers allowed manufacturers to integrate computing resources into cellular phones. These smartphones run on a variety of operating systems and are rapidly becoming the dominant computing device on the market.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Introduction
Computer software also known as computer program is the non-tangible component of computers. Computer software contrasts with computer hardware, which is the physical component of computers. Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used without the other.
Computer software includes all computer programs regardless of their architecture; for example, executable files, libraries and scripts are computer software. Yet, it shares their mutual properties: software consists of clearly defined instructions that upon execution, instructs hardware to perform the tasks for which it is designed. Software is stored in computer memory and cannot be touched, just as a 3D
DOS is the basic system that people have to using Command line prompt to communicate with computer via simple interface which is not “friendly” user interface.
Systems software includes the programs that are dedicated to managing the computer itself, such as the operating system, file management utilities, and disk operating system.
Operating systems and application software are essential in the running of computers. The operating system is the most important piece of software on a computer. It controls the computers software/hardware, memory and processing. It also allows the user to control the computer without knowing its operating language. An example of an operating system is Mac OS X. Application software is often designed for a specific purpose such as word processing, Web browsers or spreadsheets etc. These applications can often be used to do other jobs than just the one intended. For example you could use word to edit photos but this is not the applications intended use, so it will not have advanced image-editing features which a program like Photoshop would
1980, Microsoft was approached by IBM and are asked to create an operating system for their hardware. Development of the software was on and was completed, it was able to manage and run programs such as a word processor. Their operating system was names “ MS-DOS”
The origin of the computer resides with the military. The computer itself was created by the military during the Cold War era, when we were in a technological race with Russia. This race was the fuel for massive advancements in technology especially in the sector of computer intelligence. The first Computer’s were physically large enough to fill an entire room. They were used to manage large quantities of data in textual and numerical form. The government backed certain research facilities in the advancement of the computer and some investigated and experimented in computer technology with art and music. 1
Computer science can be defined as the systematic study of algorithmic processes, their theory, design, analysis, implementation and application. Its functions in the modern society today expand far beyond the uses one could even begin to imagine. Specifically, there is an increased influence in its practical application in the field of medicine. In recent times, an interdependent relationship between medicine and technology itself has been developed that did not exist before. Modern healthcare relies heavily on the application of computer technology in furthering its advancement of bioinformatics, biotechnology, artificial organ technology, robotic
System (circuit board) was using MOT 6502 which was 8-bit (nowadays 64 bit architectures) microprocessor chosen over Motorola 6800 which was nearly 10 times more expensive. There was a few disadvantages of that choice like smaller amount of instructions. The MOS6502 was able to carry only 52 instructions where the Motorola had 72 available for an assembler. Other than that specs where very similar like clock frequency (1 MHz) and 64kb of addressable memory. Each system was also coming with 8k bytes DRAM (dynamic memory) on board which was faster than standard equivalent and it was taking less space on the motherboard. DRAM was also energy efficient so it doesn’t harm home user budget. Like every system needs a programing language he designed a BASIC language which was allowing user to do several calculations. For the input he used an ASCI keyboard (Yes the same ASCII we use today). Keyboard needed an on board program for decoding and his done that innovative way. Wozniak have used PROM which was a programmable read only memory. PROM was non-volatile memory there for he could write a program for use of a keyboard which would be there even when power is off ready for next use. The process of programming PROM wasn’t easy and could be done only once by burning fuses in the memory cell. The burning was done by applying higher voltage in to the sells where the fuse needed to be burned out. Every burned cell was read by the
A computer is an electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be programmed with instructions. A computer is composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and configurations. Hardware is the physical equipment of a computer system, including the central processing unit (CPU), data-storage devices, terminals, printer, etc. Software is a program or set of instructions or rules that control the operation of a computer.
Software can be defined as any program or operating information used in a computer. Software is written by programmers who arrange and organize it in a careful instructions and codes. Software engineering is an engineering field which deals with designing and writing computer programs and different electrnic devices. In software engineering software’s are written and compiled in a way to make them better and efficient. Software engineering is important because it makes quality software’s which are easy to use and meets the expectations of a customer.
1. Software – is to a computer as brain is to a human body. Hardware is functioned by the software. It collects data, organizes them and carries procedures.
According to dictionary.com, a computer is a programmable device that reads data, performs calculations, and outputs the results of the data.
The first ever computer was invented in the 1820s by Charlse Babbage. However the first electronic digital computer were developed between 1940 and 1945 in the United States and in the United Kingdom. They were gigantic, originally the size of a large room, and also need to be supply a large amount of power source which is equivalent as several hundred modern personal computers. The history of computer hardware covers the developments from simple devices to aid calculation, to mechanical calculators, punched card data processing and on to modern stored program computers. The tools or mechanical tool used to help in calculation are called calculators while the machine operator that help in calculations is called computer. At first the
There are two basic categories of information technology which are hardware and software. Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer which is sometimes called the equipment of the computer which consists of the keyboard, disk drives, microprocessor, the monitor, the mouse, the processing unit, and many other physical parts. Most of a computer 's hardware cannot be seen, it is not an external element of the computer, but an internal one surrounded by the computer 's casing (Harvey 2015). Software is commonly known as programs which consist of all the electronic instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a specific task. Software is written in a computer language by programmers. The computer language is in a text format and can be read by people although if you do not understand the structure and rules of the language you may not understand it very well. The two main types of software are system software and application software (Beal 2015).
Software is one type of program which is developed by developer which is enables to computer to perform a correct and particular task.
Computers play a key role in almost every sphere of life. They facilitate storage of huge amounts of data, they enable speedy processing of information and they possess an inbuilt intelligence, which if supplemented with human intellect, can work wonders. Owing to their intelligence and speed, computers function on a level close to that of the human brain. Computers can hence be employed in different fields like engineering, data processing and storage, planning and scheduling, networking, education as well as health and medicine. You might want to take a look at the various uses of computers, before looking at the importance of computers in medicine.