Figure 1: Three Generalisations of Urban Structure 2.2.1.1 Concentric Zone Theory The concentric zone theory is also known as Burgess’ model and one of the oldest theoretical models that describe urban social structures. As shown in Figure 2.1, there are six circles in the model; each circle represents a zone of social groupings and land uses. As the city grows each zone must spread and move outward, encroaching onto the next one in the process known as invasion and successions (Park, 1989).
A. Concentric Zone Theory The Concentric ring model also known as the Burgess model is one of the earliest theoretical models to explain urban social structures. It was created by sociologist Ernest Burgess in 1925. Zone I, the CBD, lies at the centre of the city. Zone II is in transition. It is the crowded, multi-occupied zone of the city first invaded by migrants. Within this Zone are the ghetto areas (these are not necessarily slums). In Zone III are the working men's houses, the area
10) Urbanization in the less developed countries has much been the result of demographic growth that rather than economic development like in developed countries. The demographic trend of rapid declines in death rates compared to birth rates has generated large increases in population. A Lot of the urbanization of developing country populations is due to rural-urban migration. The decision to migrate mainly involves 'push and pull factors '. Push factors such as bad economic, political, and environmental
The presence of crime in the inner cities of America is the result of many different factors. Although it is impossible to explain the issue with one single theory, it is possible to recognize the characteristics within society that have traditionally been associated with crime. These include poor neighborhoods, weak family structures and high rates of unemployment. However, they cannot be used to explain overarching mechanisms of extremely high rates of American urban crime today. Social structures
influence crime. They used Burgess’s model of Concentric Zone to investigate the relationship in crime rates and delinquency in the different zones of the city. They came with the same conclusion as of Park and Burgess that areas located near the CBD were experiencing high disorganization and were also experiencing high delinquency (Shaw & McKay, 1942). They extended the explanation offered Park and Burgess of ecological theory by introducing their theory of cultural transmission. The argued that delinquent
In order to do this, I will be looking at different sociologists theories as far as young offending is concerned and what evidence there is to support these theories. I will then conclude by discussing whether I believe social and cultural factors are important in determining youth offending. There are many different explanations throughout criminology and sociology
Rios defines hypercriminalization as the behaviors, styles, and activities that an individual indulges in everyday that is viewed by society as deviant. Additionally, society perceives hypercriminalization as criminal, threatening, and risky social behavior. Rios believed that the continuous cycle of hypercriminalization affected how the boys reacted to society, making them more deviant according to societies standards. The boys experienced what is known as tokenism, where they knowingly were the
low and are more or less balanced. In more recent years, a fourth stage as been brought on by Anti-Malthusians. During this stage, population shrinkage occurs because the deaths begin to outnumber the births. Europe provides a great example to the theory of demographic transition. After speedy population growth of stage two, Europe settled at stage three with a stable population. It is currently in stage four with a shrinking population. In most European nations there are lesser births than deaths
Running head: DEMOGRAPHICS & CRIME City Demographics and Crime Profile Project CJA/550 Criminology Theory City Demographics and Crime Profile Project Demographics provide the specifics necessary to obtain knowledge pertaining to a city’s inhabitants. Attaining this type of detailed information is vital to the creation of a flourishing municipality. Demographic data can offer crucial material in relation to the particulars, such as the districts residents reside, the districts most preferred
trace the development of the ecological studies of crime found by the Chicago School and how the findings have shaped our understanding of crime in the 21st century. Firstly by introducing the Chicago School theory, also known as the, Theory of Social Disorganisation and the Ecological School Theory. The University of Chicago formed a department of Sociology in 1892 it's focus related to issues in Criminology and Sociology, with interests in and towards Social Psychology along with Urban Sociology