Concept Analysis By Older Adults

pain is the usual cause for persons to look for treatment. Inadequate pain management can cause delay in healing process. It can also leads to prolonged hospital stay. The acute pain management theory describe how nurse can manage pain with minimal effects from the pharmacological interventions and use of alternative methods of pain management (Good &Moore, 1996) The main factors are in the management of pain are Pharmacological, non-pharmacological, patient participation, education and different interventions. Effective pain management involves the application of non-pharmacological interventions and usage of pain medications. (McEwen & Willis, 2014). The pain management theory deals with management of pain in daily basis. It offers the knowledge about alternate methods in pain

Conceptual analysis is integral in understanding nursing theory. According to Walker and Avant (1995), concept analysis allows nursing scholars to examine the attributes or characteristics of a concept. It can be used to evaluate a nursing theory and allows for examination of concepts for relevance and fit within the theory. The phenomena of pain will be discussed in this paper and how it relates to the comfort theory.

First pain is an everyday experiences that is expressed through the use of language and is then legitimized (Waddie, 1996). If a patient as a history of depression or chronic pain they have pain every day and the concept is used to help explain their pain. As nurse we use the concept of pain to find a base line of the pain and to assess new pain. In surgical patients they may have multiple types of pain from the incision, emotional, and history. The concept educates the nurse of the different form that pain can present itself. Pain can also guide how we treat the patient. Emotional pain would not be treated with the “so know pain pills”, but with talking or listening to patient. Concept of pain also address the different form of patient and how the nurse and patient response to it. If a patient is having somatic pain from an incision the nurse could react by applying heat or ice. Pain is what the patient says it is.

Dealing with aging dementia patients can be a challenge in and of itself. However, when healthcare providers need to include regulating pain as well, the challenge becomes even greater. Pain management with cognitively impaired patients is a constant problem within geriatric care in modern healthcare facilities (Zwakhalen et al 2006). The reduced self capacity to report pain in its true degrees then makes pain management a challenge for physicians and healthcare providers (Husebo et al. 2007). Thus, research aims to explore effective measures for observing and reporting pain management within aging dementia patients.

Therefore health literacy policy can aid our older community with a better understanding of rheumatoid arthritis by to be able to get access to the numerous resources available to patients diagnosed with the disease. Sixty years and older population is highly affected by RA and it is especially this age population that normally battle health literacy due to the limited access to media and computers. Interventions to contra rest health literacy should be focus on this population and their priorities. For example, different setting will need to be assess at the time of educating our population about the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis as well as possible ways to approach it, in order to implement interventions that will counteract the painful and negative effects of RA. Even when RA can affect the independency of the people affected by it, it is clear than many of our older adults want to keep their independency and live alone therefore access to resources available and early diagnosis could stop the disease for rapidly progressing and debilitating our older affected population. The fact that the effects of RA can make it difficult for anyone to even perform activities of daily living a soon approach to the disease can help to decrease the painful inflammation by introducing assisting devices early on life.

Nursing assessment is a substantial way of gathering physiological, psychological, spiritual, and emotional condition of the patient. It creates a whole picture of an individual and assist the health care providers to formulate a diagnosis. Assessing the comfort of the patient is equally important as taking the blood pressure or temperature. Pain is the fifth (5th) vital sign that is subjective in nature when performing an assessment of a patient. Various studies were conducted in finding the most appropriate evidence-based nursing practice in assessing and managing the pain of a cognitively impaired patient, whether it is acute or chronic or the underlying cause is cancer or post-operative incision. As emphasized by Song, Eaton, Gordon, Hoyle, and Doorenbos (2015), it is vital to ensure that “pain management is based on the best evidence” (p. 456). Perhaps knowing the causes of inability to assess and manage the pain in a cognitively impaired patient would give a clearer understanding of the practice.

De Wit et al (2001) state that the cognitive dimension of cancer pain deals with what patients pain means to them and how they think of it in terms of beliefs, attitudes and thoughts. This is to do with their personality. A patient’s beliefs effect how they cope with pain. They can initiate coping strategies and their level of adjustment to pain. Sofaer (1992) notes that pain causes anxiety and in turn anxiety can heighten pain.

My score for Pain-Ad is 9. Some of the barriers to pain and behavior symptom management nurses experience when caring for dementia population are patient barrier, education barrier and culture barrier. Older adults and dementia patients are at high risk for under treatment of pain that could be due to nurses lacking of adequate education, cost concerns and other obstacles related to the health care system, and patient related barriers, such as reluctance to report pain or take analgesics. Unrelieved pain in the older adult may sometime has significant functional, cognitive, emotional, and societal consequences. Also lack of culture barrier may put these patient at high risk for under or over treatment of pain. For example, people from different

Nonpharmacological therapies for pain management are considered one of the most important responsibility of nursing. The nonpharmacological approach is now common in hospitals and used as either a complement or an alternate to the pharmacologic therapies (APS, 2005). Nonpharmacological approach is a comfort tool that provides coping strategies to reduce pain experience and increase comfort. It includes all interventions aimed to control pain, except the pharmacological ones. It is аn essential раt of the саrе of all children in раin because they are filled with fantasy and magical thinking and desire coping mechanisms that distract them from painful situations.

In the context of the caring relationship, nurses perform a primary role in the assessment and management of pain and other

Nursing is the holistic helping of persons with their self-care activities in relation to their health. I agree Vargina Henderson in her definition of nursing and nurses role, According to Henderson, 1966 “Nursing is primarily assisting the individual in the performance of those activities contributing to health and its recovery, or to a peaceful death”. Varginia Handerson, 1964 stated that “the nurse must get inside the skin of each her patient in order to know what he needs”. from this statement I conclude that nurses play an important role in promoting patient quality of care. Nurses play an important role to promote pain management practices for patients, a critical component of the nurse’s role in pain management is pain assessment, medications administration, organizing and delivering patient care activities, advocating for patient rights, educating patients and contact with physicians regarding changes in patient conditions; these nursing functions are critical in the management of pain. So, we can’t imagine nursing discipline without nursing

The meaning of concept analysis is how nursing “explores the meaning of concepts to promote understanding” (McEwen, & Wills, 2010). Pain continues to be a common problem within health care and one of the most treat problems when seeking medical treatment. The concept analysis consist of several steps to complete the process. The steps of the concept analysis are as follows: “1. select the concept 2. Determine the aims or purpose of analysis 3. Identify all the uses of the concept possible 4. Determine the defining attributes 5. Identify model cases 6. Identify borderline, related, contrary, inverted, and illegitimate cases 7. Identify antecedents, and consequences 8. Define empirical references” (McEwen, & Wills,

However, with the implementation of the concept of chronic pain, elderly patients can remain active and productive if their pain is adequately relieved. As nurses caring for our elderly patients can help advocate for better pain relief when we encounter patients who are not appropriately receiving treatment for their chronic pain. As healthcare providers, we can effectively provide pain control by careful prescription, frequent re-evaluation and combining treatments to achieve better pain control.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease that is chronic and acute, most likely to affect women and those between 35-50 years of age. The process of RA begins as an inflammation episode in the synovium, causes it to thicken and become edematous. Synovial inflammation results in joints that are swollen, tender, and stiff. The patient with RA may manifest symptoms of pain, morning stiffness, fatigue, weight loss, anxiety, and depression. (Chen, & Wang, 2007) Self-care abilities are affected by the clinical manifestations related to the disease process of RA.

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and affective experience associated with tissue damage. Pain is a major symptom in many medical conditions and is one of the most sited reasons why people seek medical assistance (Peterson & Bredow 2009). When pain is poorly managed, it can delay healing and recovery. Using the proper nursing assessment skill is very important to assess a patient’s pain level, and determine the best intervention to reduce or eliminate it. Middle range theory like Pain: a balance between analgesia and side effects and the theory of unpleasant symptoms (TOUS) helps interrupt and serves as a tool that can be used in daily nursing practice.