Conceptual Framework

Despite those enormous advantages, it has been argued that IFRSS adoption lead to significant costs. The main argument is that IFRSs do not consider local needs and priorities as every country has their own ‘business environment, legal systems, cultures, language and political environment’ (Henderson and Peirson, 2000 cited from Malthus, S., 2004). However, to overcome this problem, IASB can accommodate flexible reporting standards that enable companies to choose alternatives that are more suitable for their external condition. It is opinion of some opponents of IFRS adoption that IAS is ‘insufficiently detailed’ (Uddin,M.S., 2005, p.4) that require accountants’ and auditor’ professional judgment. However, overly detail might be contra productive and not flexible in anticipating every changes and differences.

As the responsibilities of the global harmonization of accounting standards IFRS and GAAP transfer to IASB, FASB’s influence is waning. Advantages of the convergence include high quality financial reporting, which lowers cost of capital for investors and the cost of borrowing for companies. However, there are disadvantages to be noted, such as the costs of introducing IFRS to current and potential accountants and the risk of reducing the uniformity of financial reports due to the lax rulings of IFRS, which promotes earnings management amongst companies. Although arguments regarding the convergence remain prevalent, the completion of IFRS and GAAP is inevitable. Come year 2015, accountants, investors, and companies alike will discover whether or not the pros outweighed the cons; or vice versa.

Boundless (2015) said that a Conceptual Framework can be defined as a system of concepts and purposes that guide to the creation of a constant set of regulations and standards. Especially in accounting, the rule and standards set by the nature, function and limit of financial accounting and financial statements. IFRS(2015) stated that the purpose of the Conceptual framework is to enhance financial reporting and objective of accounting by offering a more accomplish, clear and updated set of concepts or guidelines. In Conceptual Framework, it will form a basis for define how transactions should be calculated (historical value or market value) and reported in financial report like how they are presented or communicated to internal or external users. To carry out this, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is establishing on the currently existing Conceptual Framework updating it, enhancing it and padding it in the disparity instead of essentially reconsidering all respects of the Conceptual Framework.

The field of accounting is constantly evolving. This is true not only for the theory of accounting itself but also the entities that govern its theory and practice. Presently, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) are faced with some of the biggest challenges to date. To understand the significance of these two boards, it is necessary to understand their histories, relations between the boards, and the standards that they set. Also how the knowledge of these boards and the field they lead, gained through the masters of science in accountancy

As the business environment grows and companies find new ways to expand into their respective - or even new – markets, it is important that reporting standards stay up to date with changes and continue to assist companies in providing their users with useful accounting information. Information is labelled as being useful when it meets the

I believe nurses learn both my observation and experience. As a preceptor, I do not throw a nurse to the sharks. If the nurse has never done something before, I let the new nurse observe me and explain each step as I do it. The next time a similar situation appears, I ask the new nurse to do it his/herself. If I see a variation in how I did the same task and it does not harm the patient; I feel the nurse has established their own way of doing things and is feeling more comfortable in that particular task. If the situation presents itself, I ask the new nurse to teach another nurse how to perform the task. I also explain to my nurses that the textbook shows you the perfect world, but in real life we never get quite that scenario. I explain we have to alter our actions to perform interventions and do what is best for the patient. An example, I often share, is that in an ideal world, when inserting a tracheostomy tube, we have a prepped sterile field. However, there are times the airway is needed in such a hurry; we have to think about providing an airway first and dealing with the infection later.

This standard outlines the presentation of financial statements for general purpose financial statements, in order to ensure that there is compariablity between the entities reporting periods as well as between other industries reports. The standard discusses the minimum requirement for reporting content and guidelines for the structure in which it is to be set at. Paragraph 117-124 distiguishes the disclosure of accounting policies in relation to judgement. Management’s judgement made in applying accounting policies that may have effected significant amounts found in financial statements and the financial position. Seen in paragraph 125-133 ‘Sources Of Estimation Uncertainty’, it is vital that entities disclose the key assumptions made regarding future prospects and other uncertain estimates that are used in identifying carrying amounts of assets and liabilities. Along side this, the nature and carrying amount must be disclosed at the reporting date.

Accounting has been playing a very important role in many places such as Australian accounting standards. Australian accounting standards is also developed by the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB). This essay will firstly discuss what AASB is, the role and the functions of AASB. And then, following this, the other projects’ role such as Financial Reporting Council (FRC) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the relationship between AASB, FRC and IASB.

IASB. 2010, "The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting" IFRS, pp. A21- A38, viewed 23 April 2014,

In recent years there has been significant changes made in our understanding of the relationship between the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). At present both the IASB and FASB are working on a joint venture referred to as the convergence project in hopes of eliminating a variety of differences between International Financial Reporting Standards and U.S. GAAP. Another area covered in this paper besides a brief history of the relationship between the IASB and FASB will be how the MSA program will prepare students for the accounting profession. The intent of this paper will be to address both issues first; explaining my understanding of the

On Thursday, October 8, at Leland elementary school BUILD colleagues and I was in the lunchroom recruiting and gaining a relationship with the youth participants. While engaging with the youth an argument between to students sparked and then led to a fight. This situation quickly got out of hand and I had to break it up because the security that were women could not handle the children.

Ankarath, N., Ghosh, T.P., Alkafaji, Y. A., & Mehta, K. J. (2010). Understanding IFRS Fundamentals: International Financial Reporting Standards.

However, it must not be ruled out that the basic financial statements are similar to those of the IFRS standard (Epstein & Jermakowicz, 2010). The FASB conceptual framework bears a marked similarity to the IASB framework which works to effect efficient preparation and presentation of financial statements. It is under this framework that convergence with the IFRS is promised. However, there exists a comprehensive guide in view of financial statements in terms of preparation and presentation in the IFRS standards. There is also a minimum point identified for the identification of all items in the financial statements. In the IFRS, both the FASB and IASB frameworks are essential in the preparation and presentation of financial statements. However in these IFRS standards, the IASB is less detailed. Convergence with the GAAP is also promised.

So, the benefit behind the conceptual framework is increasing users’ understanding of financial reporting. Second, IASB cannot be alone without the implementation of IFRS. Also, IASB made it easy for companies to compare financial statements due to the procedural of IASB. However, it will enable auditors to quickly resolve financial reporting problems by referring to an existing framework. Third, the reason where IASB framework, developing future accounting standards. Through, globalization accounting becomes an international language, it allowed a lot of investment opportunities and trading internationally. Fourth, understandable information about financial statements for users.

“The Objective of the Conceptual framework project is to improve financial reporting by providing a more complete, clear and update set of concepts” (IFRS.org). Although the current framework has been crucial in to the IASB when developing and revising IFRS’s there have been a few problems. There are areas that are uncovered, limited guidance and out of date areas. In July 2013 the IASB issued a discussion paper which is designed to explore potential changes to the IASB’c conceptual framework and the possibility of a revised framework. “The Conceptual Framework sets out the concepts that underlie the preparation and presentation of financial statements“ (JULY 2013). This discussion document is the first step to a revised