Concrete And Structural Material Used All Around The World

As the human body ages, it becomes more fragile. America’s infrastructure is nearly the same. With the everyday use of many large structures, such as bridges, buildings, and other large structures made of concrete and/or steel, many are beginning to wither away while the average American is unaware of these changes. In many projects around the world, there is a material that is being commonly used to strengthen structures known as Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). The types of structures that this material can help to strengthen includes, but is not limited to, reinforced concrete columns, bridge girders, steel structures, and cable

Concrete is a tough and reliable material, and it can be used for a wide range of projects. Eventually though, a structure made from this versatile material will need to be replaced. At the very least, it may require repairs.

Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures. Korea Concrete Institute,

This is the most recent type of concrete formwork. It’s an emerging tech for RCC construction as well as architectural design work. This materials’ flexibility creates the ability to make concrete of any shape.

Fiberglass reinforced concrete (GFRC) is most suitable for construction because it is a great material for restoration of old buildings and also used for the exterior of the buildings. It is also being used widely for walls and ceilings. GFRC allow almost perfect replication of building terra-cotta and ornaments. It’s very low shrinkage allows molds to be made from existing structural ornamentation, then cast in GFRC to replicate the original designs. GFRC is lightweight compared to other traditional concrete which is very important for construction. It is highly durable and safe. Next, expensive equipment is not necessary for pouring or spraying GFRC .Fiberglass is inexpensive and corrosion-proof, but not as ductile as steel. It can only be

High compressive strengths are achieved by using a low water-to-cementations materials ratio, requiring the use of water-reducing admixtures to provide adequate workability. High strength concrete offers significant economic advantages over conventional normal strength concrete (NSC) because more slender members can be designed, resulting in reduced material and transportation costs. As structural components become more slender, deflection becomes a more crucial issue, making long-term creep and shrinkage deformations especially important in HSC structures.

Furthermore, flax fiber modulus is comparable to that of glass but has a lower density, this means that flax fibers actually have a higher specific stiffness than glass fibers. The excellent mechanical properties of flax, combined with the added functionalities they bring, make them a very attractive potential material for fiber reinforced composites. Their remarkable advantages compared with those conventional inorganic man-made fillers enhance their commercial and research

Ferrocement is thin and light weight cement composite, with several unique properties. The addition of fibers to the concrete enhances the strength properties of the composite and transforms the brittle cement composite into more isotropic and ductile material called FRC. But these two materials viz- ferrocement and FRC have some drawbacks. These two materials cannot be employed where high vibration, high tensile forces and high impact are to be resisted. Hence the solution lies in the new composite called fibrous ferrocement, which is the combination of fiber reinforced concrete and ferrrocement. This new composite have some improved mechanical properties, such as toughness, impact resistance etc. Addition of more than one type of

Concrete is a multipurpose and durable of building materials which are most famous and widely used in the manufacturing world. High Performance Concrete (HPC) also named as a concrete mixture, which consists of high ultimate strength, high workability and high durability compared to the concrete produced with conventional method. American Concrete Institute (ACI) defined high-performance concrete as a concrete which meet all special combinations of performance and uniformity requirements that cannot always be achieved by using conventional constituents and normal mixing, placing, and curing practice. The high-performance concrete does not require specific ingredients or specific equipment except careful design and production.

Abstract: Advancement in recent years on the efficiency of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) in production and cost benefits have increased their use as alternative means to steel rebar in bridge deck bases. The purpose in applying rebar is to increase the tensile strength of concrete. Considering the versatility of bridges there are many factors that need to be analyzed when choosing whether to use steel rebar or GFRP material such as: cost, tensile strength, and weather resistance. Stress-strain graphs were calculated, graphed, and analyzed to determine the yield tensile strength and stiffness of steel rebar and GFRP. Data collected from alkaline bath tests were graphed and analyzed to determine the thermal and corrosion resistance of each material. Costs per square inch of each material were also compared as well as each materials quality and life expectancy. The results of the conducted test analysis found the GFRP to have greater thermal resistance, lower cost, and higher life expectancy than the steel rebar, however the steel rebar’s stiffness was found to be about six times larger than the GFRP’s. These results suggest that the advancements in GFRP can provide longer lasting bridge structures and will change the future of construction and restoration of bridges.

Perturbation, which is a consequential property of the mortar fraction of the concrete, depends on fiber quantity and voids that results as defects where micro-cracking commences, and the faculty of the matrix to accommodate fibers.G58. When the coarse aggregate weight more than sand aggregated weight, the effect of fiber is a very slight effect on compressive strengths as revealed by the numbers. In this case the aggregate will have more role play in compressive strengths. Therefore, higher number of macro-fibers (more than 1” cut length) in the concrete leads to a slight lower in compressive strength due to increase of voids. While the higher number of micro-fibers (less than 1”

Introduction: It is widely known that many older reinforced concrete columns may suffer from an inadequate amount of transverse steel reinforcement providing insignificant confining pressure to the concrete core. The seismic performance of these columns may thus be very poor due to their insufficient ductility or low concrete strength. Because the FRP composites owe some of the favorable properties such as high strength-to-weight ratio, the use of FRP composites is nowadays become more common in the construction industry as a confining material for concrete to enhance the strength and ductility capacities of existing RC columns. To achieve a proper and safe design of FRP-confined rectangular RC columns, it is necessary to properly understand and model the axial stress-strain behavior of FRP-confined concrete. The axial cyclic stress-strain behavior of FRP-confined concrete is of particular importance in the seismic design of existing RC columns.

Abstract 1: A slowly growing number of studies have concentrated too much on investigating, but less on modelling the cyclic axial stress-strain response of concrete columns (RC) confined with fiber-reinforced polymer FRP sheets. Since the early 1990s, the largest amount of research, including both experimental and analytical studies, has been rising continuously, in contrast, on the monotonic axial stress-strain behavior of concrete columns externally jacketed with FRP composite wraps. However, most of the available literature on the behavior of FRP-confined RC columns has focused extensively on square and circular concrete columns that can be classified as small or medium-size. Also recently, a few experimental studies have been devoted to investigating the cyclic axial compression behavior of small-scale unreinforced (plain) rectangular concrete columns with smaller-cross sections. Therefore, a deep review indicates that there is a distinct lack of research on the axial stress-strain behavior of FRP-confined RC columns subjected to a cyclic axial compression loading. This is owing to the fact that the majority of the structural buildings columns (RC) are noncircular ,and it has been clearly demonstrated that the behavior of these columns mainly depends on several factors such as aspect ratio of cross-section,

experiments ten walls with a height of 4m were used to conduct 13 tests in two series.

The research seeks to compare the difference in measurement of flexural strength of palm kernel shell (PKS) concrete, using direct and indirect methods (beam and splitting cylinder specimen).The Palm kernel shell (PKS) was subjected to various physical tests and values obtained are as follows; specific gravity of Palm kernel shell (PKS) 1.3, Aggregate impact value 10.23.The Concrete was cast using two mix ratios 1:1.5:3 and 1:2:4. The concrete cubes, cylinders, and beams were crushed at 7, 14 and 28days in other to determine the compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete for the various mixed. The 28th day compressive strength was 12.30N/mm2 and 20N/mm2, for the two mixed ratio respectively. The 28th day flexural strength was 2.03N/mm2 and 1.10N/mm2 for the beam and cylinder specimen respectively. The student t-test showed that there is no significant difference between the tensile strength measured using direct and indirect