Concrete Structure Of Concrete Structures

The basic principle to remember is that concrete is a sloppy God-awful mess when we first look at it but then we turn it into something wonderful. We take the sloppy mud like concoction and

First, concrete durable. Concrete is something that will outlive other products up to three times over (“What Makes…”). In addition to durability, concrete is efficient. Concrete can be made with byproducts from power plants, and other aspects of manufacturing. Concrete is primarily made up limestone, the most abundant material on Earth. Above all of this concrete can be recycled. Concrete can be crushed and recycled into another structure or product, reducing the need to mine the limestone for production. Concrete also allows water to pass through which reduces the chance of flash flooding, erosion, and water table depletion as compared to other materials. This is a major check in the sustainability of concrete; the conservation of soil, landscape and ecosystems. Concrete is a very green option when it comes to building

The Development of Concrete

What is concrete. According to Concrete Network (1999) “Concrete is made up of three basic components: water, aggregate (rock, sand, or gravel) and cement. Cement, usually in powder form, acts as a binding agent when mixed with water and aggregates. This combination, or concrete mix, will be poured and harden into the durable material with which we are all familiar”. The Roman's did it a little

Concrete is a tough and reliable material, and it can be used for a wide range of projects. Eventually though, a structure made from this versatile material will need to be replaced. At the very least, it may require repairs.

Concrete is the ultimate building block of society; there are a plethora of ways that it has been used. Romans were some of the first, in recorded history, to use it; they used it to build their aqueducts and even the Colosseum. If anything, the Romans were some of the first to make huge developments in concrete, and they were some of the first to actually use concrete on a large scale. America has also used concrete on a large scale, using concrete to build the Hoover Dam and the Grand Coulee Dam. Those examples show how concrete is an incredibly strong and durable building material that has remained standing after all these years and will continue to be the primary

When building a residential home, as a future home owner you would want the bang for your buck. More often than not, you will be stuck between decisions of two or more different products to choose from. When it comes to exterior walls, traditional formwork is the most commonly used for the last few decades, however, there are other options available such as Insulated Concrete Forms. ICF does not only provide comfort and safety but it could save you big bucks when it comes to your heating a cooling services, as compared to wood framing.

Most people think concrete is an impenetrable solid. But in actually, concrete is a porous material with many capillaries and voids throughout the surface. Although concrete is strong in compressive strength, it is weak in tensile stength and elasticity. Concrete can tolerate heavy loads, but it is susceptible to damage which causes it to break apart over time.

In order to discuss concrete; one must first mention cement. Cement is a water-based binder used to bind other building materials together. It is used in the production of mortar and concrete during the construction process. Concrete is a material used in construction, made by mixing aggregate, cement, small stones and water. Cement is important because it hold structures together. Many sources states concrete was invented 1756 by a British Engineer named John Smeaton. He did so by mixing pebbles as a coarse aggregate into a powdered brick into the cement. Years layer in 1824, a English inventor named Mr Joseph Aspdin created the first true artificial cement by burning ground limestone and clay together. He is also noted for creating today’s popular concrete; Portland cement. Many buildings use concrete because of its strong element. It solidifies then hardens after mixing with water and placement due to the chemical process known as hydration. Water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a stone-like material. Concrete is used to make pavements, pipe, various structures, foundations, roads, bridges, brick walls and so on. It is either produced site-cast or pre-cast. Site-cast Concrete is standard concrete that is poured into site-specific forms and cured on site; the concrete is created on the actually construction site. Precast concrete is a construction

Roman architecture could be described as the continuation of Greek design, coupled with Roman ingenious. This is evident in the use of Corinthian order of guidelines, with Roman invented arches and Roman concrete to hold it all together. The advent of the latter two has given architects inspiration and means to produce a range of new architectural structures such as the basilica, triumphal arch, monumental aqueduct, amphitheatre, granary building, and residential housing block.

Aggregate is one of the basic constituents of concrete. Its quality is of considerable importance because about three-quarter of the volume of concrete is occupied by aggregates. One of the physical properties of aggregate that influence the property of concrete is the grading of aggregate. The grading of aggregate defines the proportions of particles of different size in the aggregate. The grading of fine (size < 5 mm) and coarse (size > 5 mm) aggregates are generally required to be within the limits specified in BS 882: 1992.

Concrete is “a building material made from a mixture of broken stone or gravel, sand, cement, and water, which can be spread or poured into moulds and forms a stone-like mass on hardening” (http:// (www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/concrete)

Pretension concrete, also known as prestressed concrete, is one of the methods to give more strength to the natural weakness of concrete through tension. The way this works is by allowing the tendons to cure in the concrete. After it has cured the tendons are released and the tension is applied. “The analysis for continuous prestressed composite beam covers: load deflection behavior, strain and stress in concrete slab and steel beam, force in shear connector, slipping between concrete and steel, and failure modes.”(Ozell) This is why they now connect the I beams with bolts to the vertical beams underneath the bridge girders, which are normally pretensioned concrete, to ensure the risk of them sidling apart and the bridge girders falling in. There are many uses for this type of concrete, some of these include floors, bridges, and beams. When looking for this type of concrete in the CSI divisions it is located under the precast section number 03-41-33. The specifications go into detail about the standards and references needed for this type of concrete. For example, there are two grades, 250 and 270, of low relaxation, seven-wire steel strands that are required in this type of concrete work. Some of the reference documents that go along with this are the ASTM Standards, U.S. Military Standards, and U.S. Federal Standards.

Today, Concrete is the most widely manufactured construction material world wide with the annual consumption approaching 20000 million tons, used in almost every building we construct as structural and non-structural product, including buildings, bridges, houses, institutions and infrastructure. With better importance placed on sustainability in recent years, structural engineers are faced with the test of gathering customary project standards in totaling to evolving measures that support sustainable production. Performance-based specifications for concrete can substantially help meet this new challenge.

, is a new development of technology for construction of buildings, bridges and highways. The lack of tensile strength in the concrete and steel to the coaster weather and seawater pushes the technology to beyond its limit as create new composite such as non-metal reinforcement for concrete structure. Commercially, most composite materials are weaker and less stiff but strong and stiff fibres in a matrix.