Concurrent Training: A Comparison Paper

The relationship between the principles of training and physiological adaptations has a significant impact on performance. Many factors need to be addressed in a training program to make it a successful one for a particular athlete and thus improve their performance.

Michael Fredericson, M., *, Tammara Moore, PT, Muscular Balance, Core Stability, and Injury Prevention for Middle- and Long-Distance Runners. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2005, 16, 669–689.

Resistance training is an aerobic exercise, which is a long and moderate jog. I ran and jogged while completing the 5km circuit. This exercise improves the body’s ability to conserve oxygen.

This research study is significant because it shows the many benefits which can be gained from repeated bouts of high-intensity interval training over a short period of time. Knowing this information may be useful to coaches, practitioners, and instructors when designing exercise programs for a variety of populations (Ziemann, 2011). One example from this article is how the exercise protocol used may be beneficial in combating the effects of detraining during the off season for certain athletes (Ziemann, 2011). High-intensity interval training may also be able to be used in a group fitness settings as well. In this study, twenty-one participants performed repeated bouts of high-intensity interval training using various types of cycle ergometers

Conclusion: This report investigated the change in heartbeat, when altering the distance of a short sprint. As stated in the hypothesis, it is true, that the further the distance of a short sprint, when maintaining a similar pace for all, the higher your heartrate will increase. These results support the hypothesis, when seeing that a 15 metre run has a beats/min measure of 84, however a 150 metre run has a beats/min measure of 150. This shows how the intensity of the run does affect your body; hence ensuring that it provides as much oxygen and nutrients needed.

Recently, a study done by Hakan Westerblad explored why HIIT training is effective in terms of building muscular endurance. He and his team analyzed muscle samples from participants engaging in High-Intensity Interval Training. The participants “…alternated between pedaling a stationary bike for 30 seconds at top intensity and resting for three minutes six times.” (Park, A. (2015, November 03). Interval Training: Scientists Explain Why It Works.)

The results that Harrison et al (2009) obtained suggest that it may be beneficial to employ an RS training intervention with the aim of increasing initial acceleration from a static start for sprinting .For maximum specificity of training, the athlete's movement patterns during the training exercise should closely resemble those used when performing the sport this is so adaptations such as increased PC stores, greater fast twitch muscle fibres. Fleck, et al (1997) identifies types of resisted sprint training to include weighted sleds, parachute and weighted vests (Centurion, (2015); Centurion & Sled (2015); (Adidas (2015)); However there is still some dispute over resisted training and how effective it is but Bracken et al (2013) discovered positive results. In his study he compared the effects of combined weighted sled towing and sprint training against traditional sprint training on 10 and 30m speed in professional rugby union players. Participants were assigned to either the combined sled towing and sprint training or traditional sprint training groups. Each group completed 2 training sessions per week for 6 weeks. Bracken (2013) found sprint training alone can improve sprint speed by up to 20% over 4 weeks but combining it with resistance training has a greater positive effect on athletes

Physiological responses to exercise are dependent on the intensity, duration and frequency of the exercise as well as environmental conditions (Burton, Stokes, Hall, 2004). When participating in physical exercise activities, requirements for oxygen in skeletal muscle is increased, as are the removal of metabolites and carbon dioxide. Chemical, mechanical

This article is about the modifications to muscle strength, velocity, and neural activity as well as any morphological changes subsequently going through either eccentric or concentric training. Eccentric training has illustrated to have adequately good effects on muscle hypotrophy, strengthening the muscle, and has made efficient exercises for injured athletes going through rehabilitation. But with eccentric training it makes lower concentric but vaster eccentric strength enhancements compared with concentric training, due to eccentric and concentric training providing dissimilar stimuli to the muscles. An improvement is necessary in obtaining the information of the potential differences of morphological and neural adaptations in the early stages of eccentric and concentric training in order to improve musculoskeletal rehabilitation programs and there has been a lack of researching the effects of resistance training. The purpose of the article is to compare what effects and the differences six weeks of concentric or eccentric training could possibly do to the

Strength training encompasses the ability of a muscle to exert a force against a resistance resulting in an athlete to improve their performance in their specific sport and is explicable within both Boxing and Rugby league training. High levels of strength are a prerequisite to superior speed, muscular endurance, power and overall sporting performance (Copyright Sporting Excellence Ltd). Therefore, strength training can be used to improve general strength, absolute strength and explosive strength (anaerobic). Due to this fact strength training can be a method used to improve an athletes general strength, absolute strength and explosive strength. Strength for an athlete can be improved through the use of strength training programs, which encompass

Traditionally warm-up protocols have included a submaximal aerobic component such as jogging coupled with either static or dynamic streteches (Bradley et al. 2007, Faigenbaum et al. 2006, Young and Behm 2002). However there have been a large body of research that have established that static stretching impaired maximal muscular performance (Behm et al. 2006, Faigenbaum et al. 2006, Power et al. 2004). Many present athletes and coaches still use static stretching within their warm-up protocols despite research displaying the negative or null influence it has maximal muscular performance (Kay and Blazevich, 2012).

Neuromuscular fatigue can be defined as a decline in performance that is usually determined by power generation capacity. During a static maximal contraction, force will decrease steadily and fatigue would be observed from the beginning of the exercise. Contrarily, in submaximal contractions, the target force is maintained for a long time. In this situation, the fatigue is defined as the inability in maintaining the force, even if the capacity of maximal force generation is impaired earlier during contraction. Neuromuscular fatigue is usually defined as a reduction of the capacity of maximal force generation [1]. Velstad (1997), defined neuromuscular fatigue as any exercise-induced reduction in the maximal capacity of force generation or output force. This definition allows us to define fatigue in different sports and various intensities. Moreover, there must be a distinction between the muscle weakness as a chronic disorder in force generation or output force and the acute effect of neuromuscular fatigue. So, it seems that neuromuscular fatigue develops differently depending on the muscle activity [5]. Fatigue was traditionally related to the metabolic occurrence of ending point during the exercise in which glycogen concentration of the muscle was depleted completely [6]. Furthermore, cardiovascular [7, 8] and metabolic load, and temperature adjustment are likely peripheral candidates for the fatigue outbreak during long exercises [9].

Kuipers, H., and H. A. Keizer. "Overtraining in elite athletes." Sports Medicine 6.2 (1988): 79-92.

Incorporating endurance activity into one’s training regime creates various changes to the individual on a muscular level. Based on Table Two, it is clear that endurance athletes improve drastically. The greatest difference seen among the three different groups falls under the Energy Substrate Storage category. In comparison to the sedentary individual, the elite endurance athlete showed greater values for ATP production, Creatine Phosphate, Glycogen, as well as Triglyceride.1 These three components work together in order to

During physical activity, the body must produce energy for muscle contraction. There are two different methods that the body can use (Åstrand 1956), which are dependent on the availability of oxygen and the nature of the exercise (Yip 2010). Moderate intensity exercise uses aerobic respiration while high intensity exercise uses anaerobic respiration (Yip 2010). Aerobic respiration requires oxygen in order to provide energy; this method produces significantly more adenosine triphosphate (ATP) compared to anaerobic respiration and thus allows for longer lasting moderate