Conditioning In Psychology

To experiment more on the participant’s response, another independent variable that could have influenced responses would have been if the participants, the teachers of the experiment, were able to see the learners. That way it replicates more of a learning environment where learners and teachers are face-to-face. In this case, both sides could still be in separate rooms, but instead there’s a screen showing the teacher the learner. Since the learner is only an actor and no actual harm is being inflicted unto them, and they could act like they are being shocked as well. Additionally, as the teacher is able to see the learner, a more formidable response is created as they can visually see

Our understanding of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning has allowed us to unlock many of the answers we sought to learn about human behavior. Classical conditioning is a technique of behavioral training, coined by Ivan Pavlov, which basically states that an organism learns through establishing associations between different events and stimuli. This helps us understand human behavior in an assortment of ways. It makes it clear that almost everything we do is based on patterns of stimulus and response. For example, if you were bitten aggressively by a dog as a child, you may be still scared of dogs today. That is because the dog caused you pain, which in turn caused you have anxiety towards dogs.

The test subjects failed to think critically and even act morally in the face of authority. The teachers often referred to the experimenter to continue when they knew the learner was in pain. Even after the learner had gone silent the test subjects continued. The test subject didn’t know if they were alive in the room or not and the majority continued regardlessly.

Classical conditioning is a form of learning that is taught to us through experiences we encounter in our lives. It involves outside stimuli to trigger the condition we have learned to expect. For example, the sound of a lunch bell would trigger our stomach to start growling soon after hearing the bell ring. The expectation of food to come soon after hearing the bell and satisfy our hunger is what makes our stomach growl. This is something learned over time. Expectations can be both good and bad. Sometimes these negative experiences cause us to have certain behaviors when we are reminded of such an event.

Evaluative conditioning is a form of conditioning whereby a neutral stimulus is paired with a positive stimulus and then the response to the positive stimulus is measured. (Brace, 2014) This type of conditioning can be applied in the real world. One use for evaluative conditioning is in advertising, whereby a product (the neutral stimulus) can be paired with positive imagery (the positive stimulus) in order to elicit a positive response from a viewer of consumer

The experiment went like this: there were three positions with one being the teacher, one the learner, and the other an experimenter. These three roles were filled in by volunteers and one person would pick one while the actor would pick one and both had to pick slips to find out what role he was given but unknown to the volunteer, they both said teacher and the actor would claim to pull learner so they the volunteer always had to be the teacher. Then the teacher was given a sample shock to see what the learner would experience. Then the teacher would say word pairs to the learner and if he got them wrong then the learner was “given” a shock. There actually was no shocks. The instructor would prod the teacher to continue if the teacher stopped giving the shocks. This experiment raised many ethical concerns when dealing with scientific research because of the emotional stress on the teacher figure. Some people when doing this experiment started laughing oddly or were stressed out because of the physical pain given to the learner or the pain

Siegel, Hinson, Krank and McCully (1982) did a study to determine if environmental cues was a factor in heroin overdose in rats. They argued that conditioning may occur between environmental cues surrounding an organism and the time of drug administration, which in turn affects tolerance and overdose. In this study, they believed that the effect of heroin would be the unconditioned and the conditioned stimulus is the environmental cues associated with using heroin (was once the neutral stimulus before being paired with the effects of heroin). If a drug is administered frequently with the same environmental cues, an association is made between the NS and the CS. Once this association is made, a conditioned response of anticipatory physiological

Classical conditioning has been around for some time in psychology. Now we are able to relate classical conditioning to nursing practice and education. Classical conditioning can be defined as a learning process when two stimuli are being paired together over and over. Nausea and vomiting are common in patients experiencing chemotherapy treatment. Patients with cancer are typically exposed to a very specific environment in the hospital. This setting would be the conditioned stimulus. The exposure to the hospital happens before the patient receives chemotherapy, which has nausea and vomiting as side effects. This would be the unconditioned stimulus. A patient being exposed over and over to the

The first real-life instance of a psychological concept during my break was during the drive to Missouri to see family. We always bring our dog, who loves to ride in the car. Normally on this road trip, my dog drools a lot when we stop for food. In order to minimize the the drool, my brother thought it would be a good idea to pack dog treats. This time, we would give the dog a treat when we stopped the car to get food. After a few stops, my dog began to get excited and drool when we stopped the car. This is definitely an example of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is learning to connect two (or more) events, as well as learning to anticipate events (Myers, 2014). This definitely occurred with my brother and dog during our road trip; My dog began to anticipate the treat he would get when we stopped, so

Have you ever met someone who can instantly fall asleep minutes after they get into bed, while you struggle constantly to fall asleep, and wonder how they do it? There are many easy ways to fall asleep almost instantly at night, but this method is one of the easiest ways to fall asleep.

They basically playing with their mind because as I mention before, it was not real about shocking the learner. People who participate in that experiment had a really bad day because they couldn't decide if they should keep going with the experiment or if they should quit. They kind of feel like if they were force to do something they don’t really want, but in reality they were not being force. I also saw a movie like a year ago which is about Stanley's experiment. What I remember about the movie was that the people who were supposed to be the teachers at the experiment that they didn't know what to do when they stop hearing the student yells. They keep asking the experimenter that they should need to stop, but the experimenter have to respond "you should keep going" because that respond is part of the experiment as well. Well, experimenting with the actions of people when they are under pressure has a lot to do with psychology because their action makes them to keep with their responsibilities and they don't matter is it can cause the death of an innocent. For example, I think they feel like " I decided to do this experiment, so I have no other option but to continue with it no matter the

Example of Operant conditioning, is when you decided to snooze the alarm in the morning after partying all night long. Finally you decide to get up to go to work you are running 15 min late. And decide to step on gas pedal. You are now driving 50 mph on a 35 mph road. You think you are fine and won 't get caught because everyone else is driving fast also. All of sudden a cop is hidden in between the trees and bushes. You try to brake, in order to slow down a bit, but it 's too late…. The cop has turn on the lights and tail-gating you already. You pull over and you try to convince him that you had a “tough night”… even though it 's a lie, and to let you off with a warning. The cop tells you he doesn 't care and you should know better. Therefore he gives you a speeding ticket of about two hundred dollars and a court date if you decide to fight it. In order to go to court you will have to miss work, which means you won 't get paid. Then you have to pay for all the additional court fees if you want to go to clear your record; your insurance will go up, have to pay for driving school and miss more work also. You will have to go through all this trouble, time and money. Just for being too lazy and “tired” to get up on time.

Have you ever been motivated to buy a thing that you may have seen it in the advertisement once or twice but have no further knowledge on it at all. You may not know why you made your choice but you just feel the urge to buy it. This is called “I like it, but I don’t know why” effect (Winkielman and Berridge, 2003) and it 's a trick which advertisements play on you when you are not consciously aware of.

Ivan Pavlov a Russian physiologist who lived from (1927-1960) first observed and conceived the concept of Classical conditioning. The concept of classical conditioning is widely distinguished and understood as the most basic form of cognitive learning. Even before Ivan Pavlov named the process of conditioning, his work was considered ahead of his time (Feeser, 2002, p. 24). In fact, Pavlov was presented a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Nero Medicine for his research on the digestion system of dogs (Feeser, 2002, p. 24). To further his digestion research, Pavlov devised a medical procedure for implanting a tube, called a fistula, into animals that were still alive. This allowed Pavlov to collect digestive secretions, and measure them, such as those secreted in a dog’s stomach or the mouth (Feeser, 2002, p. 24). This was a dramatic first, because before Pavlov 's advancements, almost everything that was understood or known about physiological processes was revealed from studies involving severe (temporary or sacrificed animals) as opposed to operatic preparations (long-term and in living animals). Pavlov was always interested mainly in the understanding of reflexive occurrences when food was placed in the dog’s mouth and as it passed through the other parts of the digestive system, including the stomach (Feeser, 2002, p. 27). For example, Professor Pavlov or one of his many personal assistants would put meat into the mouth of a dog or dogs and then measure the amount of saliva

Operant conditioning is happening in our everyday lives, it can be found at work, school and at home. Myers (2005, 236) stated, “It is a type of learning in which behaviour is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished by a punisher”. (Woods, Woods, Boyd, Wood & Desmaris 2014) stated that behaviour that is reinforced with a reward will more likely be repeated.