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Confidence Intervals

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Confidence Intervals Consider the following question: someone takes a sample from a population and finds both the sample mean and the sample standard deviation. What can he learn from this sample mean about the population mean? This is an important problem and is addressed by the Central Limit Theorem. For now, let us not bother about what this theorem states but we will look at how it could help us in answering our question. The Central Limit Theorem tells us that if we take very many samples the means of all these samples will lie in an interval around the population mean. Some sample means will be larger than the population mean, some will be smaller. The Central Limit Theorem goes on to state that 95% of the sample means will lie …show more content…

Find the 98% confidence interval for the population proportion. Solution: We first find zc for the 98% confidence interval. Consulting the table above we find it to be -2.33. Also [pic] Thus [pic]. We can be 98% confident that the population proportion, who thought that the homeless are not adequately assisted by the government, is between 0.819 and 0.855. Example 5: In a study of 150 accidents that required treatment in an emergency room, 36% involved children less than 6 years of age. Find the 90% confidence interval of the true proportion of accidents that involve children less than 6 years old who require treatment in an emergency room. Solution: [pic] Thus we can be 90% confident that the true proportion of accidents that involve children less than 6 years old, who require treatment in an emergency room, is between 0.295 and 0.425. Sample Mean and Standard Deviation are known, in the case of Sample Size [pic] When working with samples whose size is less than 30, we often have to work with a new and different concept, that of "degrees of freedom". Let us simply not bother with its origin but state that in the case of confidence intervals with sample

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