Conflict And Social Behavior Perspective

In Psychology learning is seen as a change in behaviour caused by an experience. Behaviorism, is seen as a learning theory; an attempt to explain how people or animals learn by studying their behaviour. The Behaviourists Approach has two theories to help explain how we learn, Classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In this task I will attempt to describe and evaluate this approach.

Background (key works): Reinforcement theory is rooted in theory of operant conditioning based primarily on the work of the American behavior scientist B.F. Skinner (Borkowski, 2011). In contrast to Ivan Pavlov’ respondent conditioning controlled by

Classical conditioning is the theory that involves a subject learning a new behavior by the process of association. A naturally occuring stimulus (the unconditioned stimulus) is paired with a response (the unconditioned response). Then, a neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus) is paired with the unconditioned stimulus and eventually the conditioned stimulus produces the initial response of the unconditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus being present. The response, therefore, becomes the conditioned response. This study had a major influence on the psychological study of behaviorism. “Behaviorism is based on the assumption that learning occurs through interactions with the environment” (Cherry 1). Classical conditioning

There are three theories that make up the behaviorist approach, which are classical and operant conditioning, Social Learning and information transmission. Classical conditioning is concerned with a classical, neutral and conditioned

The classical conditioning is a condition that focuses on the learning process in which a biological potent stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, a good example is Pavlov dog salivating (Corey, 2016). Operant conditioning focuses on the involvement of learning in which behavioral can be influenced by the consequences. The social learning approach is different from the Classical and Operant condition; its main focus is understanding the behavior of the environmental event that occurs with the individual. This approach is significant in identifying the way the environment can affect a person behavioral

While there are multiple theoretical perspectives that help individuals understand society and inform social work practice, a crucial perspective that has formed is the conflict perspective. According to Hutchinson, the conflict perspective takes “an approach to human behavior that draws attention to conflict, dominance and oppression in social life” as a result of the “inequalities in the distribution of resources (Hutchinson 2015)”. Something to note within the conflict perspective is the fact that conflict allows for growth and progress within work, but that doesn’t necessarily mean that conflict is always beneficial. Conflict theory points out the situations in which conflict is beneficial and in which situations conflict is not acceptable. According to the New World Encyclopedia, there are four assumptions on which modern conflict theory is

Our understanding of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning has allowed us to unlock many of the answers we sought to learn about human behavior. Classical conditioning is a technique of behavioral training, coined by Ivan Pavlov, which basically states that an organism learns through establishing associations between different events and stimuli. This helps us understand human behavior in an assortment of ways. It makes it clear that almost everything we do is based on patterns of stimulus and response. For example, if you were bitten aggressively by a dog as a child, you may be still scared of dogs today. That is because the dog caused you pain, which in turn caused you have anxiety towards dogs.

Theories of learning are 1) Classical conditioning (involuntary behavior) where learning is by association (Pavlov, 1927). 2) Operant conditioning (voluntary behavior) where learning is by positive or negative reinforcement [stimuli-response] (Skinner, 1938). 3) Social learning theory where learning is by imitation of others (Bandura, 1973) 4) Cognitive learning theories where learning is based on the thought processes of the individual (Bruner, 1978); Piaget, 1936). 5) Insight learning (Gestalt theory) where learning is through thinking and problem solving (Kohler, 1947)

Learning theory can be summarized as behaviour which shows us how animals and people respond to a stimulus. This is incredibly important due to the direct impact it has on many features of daily life and how we implement this into our practices, from the way education systems are structured to the way we train dogs. The concepts of Classical Conditioning (a concept first established by Ivan Pavlov in the 1980’s) and Operant conditioning (founded by B.F Skinner around the 1920’s) can provide psychologists

Operant conditioning has made a significant contribution into the development of psychology. However, as with most psychological theories, this theory it has its strengths and weaknesses. Nevertheless, operant conditioning, with both its positive and negative aspects, is very important in promoting learning of desirable behaviors or removal of undesirable

The conflict perspective focus is on society based on conflicts and tensions between social groups. The conflict perspective grew by Karl Marx, whom viewed the society as, “a struggle between social classes” (36). This perspective looks at the ways which the government or socially powerful groups shape the lives of others. One example is, the introduction of machines in the work field. These machines produced faster product and many workers found it hard to keep up with the pace. Therefore, companies replaced the slower older workers with young worker who were able to keep up with the pace. Therefore, this perspective would view this conflict and tension as part of a class struggle. The older people became victims of the system which served

Behavioral psychology signifies the response of behavior resulting from the stimulus in the environment and within us. It associates with psychology that links with the study and alteration of people’s performance through the behavior of their actions, thoughts and sentiments (Heffner, n.d.). According to Watson, the theory to respondent conditioning in other terms classical conditioning is based on Pavlov’s observations that are able to justify all aspects of human psychology (McLeod, 2014). It is considered to be a theory that involves learning a new behavior through the procedure of association (McLeod, 2014). For an example in Pavlov’s experiment, the dog is offered food along with a ringing bell (McLeod, 2013). After a repetition of this process, the bell is ringing on its own. This results an increase in

We as humans are conditioned by external stimulus whether it is responses to food, predators, or any autonomic response, but because of our status as an animal our behavior will always be derived from the environment we are situated in. Classical conditioning is used as a learning method that involves the application of new behavior while associating an external stimulus with that specific behavior as opposed to Operant conditioning which associates behavior and a consequence whether it is a punishment or a reward. Conditioning is a very valuable external reaction that allows researchers to study their subjects, and is still applied today in psychology unlike other aspects that have been degraded. The evolution of behaviorism has grown over time with radicalization by modern

The functionalist perspective is based off of the belief society is a stable, orderly system which is in equilibrium. Each part of society is interrelated, and is relied on in order to maintain the stability of the society as a whole. In other words, it is similar to a biological cell. Every part needs to be working in order for it to work as a whole. For example, families send their children to school, which to fund this school they pay taxes to the state, and they then rely on the school to provide their children with the tools they need to succeed past secondary school, which they then become law-abiding citizens who end up paying their own taxes which then in return goes to support the state. Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Robert

Classical and operant conditioning are two important concepts central to behavioral psychology. While both result in learning, the processes are quite different. In order to understand how each of these behavior modification techniques can be used, it is also essential to understand how classical conditioning and operant conditioning differ from one another. Both classical and operant learning are psychological processes that lead to learning. Here learning refers to the process by which changes in behavior, including actions, emotions, thoughts, and the responses of muscles and glands,