Conflicts Between Concessionaires And Rural Communities

In 2015, Canada’s natural resource exports were valued at $231 billion with Canada ranking among the top 3 producers globally for Potash (1st), uranium (2nd) and (3rd) aluminum (Government of Canada). An addition, is that the forest sector directly accounts for around 20% of the income in the 171 municipalities across Canada (Central Intelligence Agency). The 3 industry sectors, primary, secondary and tertiary all began from resources found and made from the country’s landscape. These resources are either sold primarily, or are then manufactured or turned into forms of services which result in trade. Therefore, the basic fundamental for any industry and trade is the landscape of the country.

From the earliest civilizations natural resources have shaped the course of Humanity. Some resources have allowed us to rise up, invent new machines, and build mighty empires. While others have taken hundreds of lives and forced humanity to take a step back on the path of progression.

Due to the vast physical diversity in our country, there are many different natural resources available ranging from oil to fish to minerals. Canada is number 4 on the list of countries with the most natural resources; it has 33.2 trillion dollars worth of natural resources. The interior plains have a rich source of salt, oil and natural gas. The revenue from oil was about 2.5 billion dollars in 2016 in Alberta. The Great Lakes-St.Lawrence Lowlands has an industry of hydroelectricity and agriculture. The soil is very rich and good for farming. The great lakes and the St. Lawrence River also provides a source of fish and fresh water which is exported. Hudson Bay and Arctic Lowlands has a lot of different kinds of natural resources (e.g., forestry, hydroelectricity and natural gas) due to the physical diversity. Most of the economy in this region comes from mining ( over 100 million dollars in revenues). It’s very important for us to try to preserve the physical diversity of our country because as we can see our economy is greatly affected by it. We have most of our natural resources because of how different our land is in

“Liberian Civil war fought in 1989-1996, is among the most deadly and destructive war in the history that lasted for more than 7 years and killed almost 3 hundred thousand people. This war was the worst ever in the history of Africa because it caused the infrastructural and property damage in the country. The war also displaced more than 1 million people in refugee camps in neighboring countries. This war led to a complete breakdown of law and order in the country. There was not any direct cause that led to this war but several reasons contributed in the creation of this destructive event. Hunger for power, greed and opportunities to control and to get more out of Liberia’s natural resources were the main reasons behind this conflict. As D. Elwood Dunn quoted “We begin with the assumption that the conflict arose from the tugs and pulls of different identities the differential distribution of

It seems for rich and the foreigners who controls the resources, “the ownership of these subsurface deposits was now given to those who owned the land .” Towns lost their lands and autonomy as to industrialize farming, mineral, oil, and transportation such as railroads.

deciding whether or not to increase my land’s intake of the resources collected from the mines. However, we

Land pertains to all natural physical resources including all raw materials used in the manufacture of goods and services.

Natural resources can be found all over America from dirt to diamond all the resources found help build our nation. “The great California gold rush began on January 24, 1848, when James W. Marshall discovered a gold nugget in the American River.”(California

For instance, most of the developments in the developed countries are based on growth, that is, they are depend on natural resources like minerals, gas and oil for their economic development. Moreover, the emerging developing countries such as India, china and brazil need a lot of natural resources to develop. This means that countries which are rich in resources in Latin America have emphasized and focused on the extraction of natural resources for their development and export. Neo extractivisim has been coined to refer to policies and regulations which strengthen states role in the ownership and exploitation of natural resources, a development which has gained great momentum inmost parts of the developing nations (Burchardt, Hans-Jürgen, and Kristina, 2014). Extractivisims is a development model that has political, natural and socioeconomic influences (class structure, interaction between public and state and gender) within a country majorly in countries with abundant resources in the

Geography determines the future wealth of a country during its development. Geography assists in a country’s industries, trade, and agriculture. Industries in a country affect the wealth and life conditions of citizens. These industries are affected by the climate or terrain of a region. In California, the north is full of forestries so the main industry produces lumber. In southern California, the climate is warm and is fit for grape farms, created wine industries. Lastly, in the Jordan, the oil industry is booming and it makes up for the loss of agriculture because of the desert lands. Furthermore, the terrain and soil of a region affects the trading patterns. The soil influences the quantity and quality of crops. The terrain of a region

Reducing inequality determines the capability of the state to manage resources and conflicts. The government can organise geographic distribution of income. This measure ensures the balance distribution of wealth across regions and helps reduce inequality. It also answers the challenge for balancing the growth between minerals sector and non-mineral sector. Moreover, this tool assists the local government and community to take advantage from resource revenues (Ross 2007). By doing so, the government is not only reducing inequality, but also the risk of

Mining; Sierra Leone is rich in natural resources available to be mined. By increasing investment in and receiving international support for this industry, Sierra Leon can

For example, an individual from the community specified that the company corrupted/bought the local doctor and priest so that they moved to a different location. This forced the locals to travel whenever they needed medical assistance or whenever they needed a burial service. This initiative has been held back by an association consisting of local residents for more than a decade by using volunteer lawyers (Jamasmie, 2013). If the mining project will commence, the economics that dictate to the politics will seal the road to a sustainable disaster in an "era of sustainable development” (Zaharia, 2010, p.1).

Many studies have demonstrated the idea that institutions are the main factor of economic development because empirical evidence points to strong institutions being able to determine large growth of GDP per capita. Although the characteristics of strong institutions can be described as the potential fundamental cause of economic growth, the effects of geography and materials available to different certain regions have a huge hand in properly developing a society economically and allowing for further growth. The resources of the countries heavily depend on the raw materials available to each region and the kinds of animals they are able to domesticate. This is where the argument circulates around in which geography is a large determinant of whether a civilization or society can prosper in a certain area or not.

Development processes is connected with environmental degradation and use of natural resources. Rudel et al. (2011) assumes the present of two distinct waves of development power which control environment. The first wave of political economy deals with the power of capitalism as the main agent for environmental degradation, while the second wave concern with the social power (community) to control the use of natural resources.