Congenital Central Hypoventilation and Central Alveolar Hypoventilation Syndromes

a major problem in today 's society. According to Farlex, the definition of sleep deprivation is a sufficient lack of restorative sleep over a cumulative period so as to cause physical or psychiatric symptoms and affect routine performances of tasks (Sleep Deprivation). What this is saying is sleep deprivation is a lack of restful sleep that accumulates when not enough restful sleep is achieved, this causes inability to preform daily tasks. Sleep is important to perform to the best of our ability each day. Sleep deprivation affects even some of the smallest things that we do in our daily life.

Sleep is a state of altered consciousness, characterized by certain patterns of the brains activity and inactivity. An altered state of consciousness is when a person is not completely aware of their surroundings. Some researchers believe that we sleep to clear our minds of useless information. Other people believe that it is a type of primitive hibernation: we sleep to conserve energy.

Certainly, Insomnia in known to be as difficulty starting or maintaining sleep; however, it cannot be defined from a specialist’s point of view. Therefore, it has general definitions, such as lack of sleep, inability to sleep, shortage of sleep, sleep deprivation, and sleeplessness.

The two basic sleep theories are the evolutionary and restorative theories of sleep. The evolutionary theory of sleep suggests that our sleep patterns are based on or defined by evolution. The second theory simply offers that sleeping restores and rejuvenates the body through physiological processes. Sleeping disorders have a variety of effects on a person. Insomnia simply disallows an individual to actually fall into deep sleep and feel rested in the morning. Sleepwalking and night terrors are much more common in childhood then in the adult life and occur during the deepest stages of NREM sleep. When a person repeatedly stops breathing during his sleep it is called sleep apnea. This sleeping disorder usually tends to occur in older more heavy weight men. Another sleeping disorder is narcolepsy, which sends an individual in an instant phase of deep REM sleep regardless of where they are and whom they are with.

As stated in a previous statistic, sleep disorders unfortunately target a wide variety of ages. Children are commonly affected by Sleep Apnea, teeth grinding, Night Terrors, Nightmares, sleep walking, Restless Leg Syndrome, bedwetting, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Adults tend to be affected by Insomnia, Hypersomnia, Sleep Apnea, Narcolepsy, Sleep Paralysis, Hypopnea Syndrome, and Noctoria. Sleep disorders are very common and also very dangerous in some circumstances. Ill treating or ignoring sleep disorders can lead to lethargy, poor mood, lack of motivation, and may negatively impact

of sleep apnea are obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), and complex sleep

The psychological disorder that I find interesting is Narcolepsy. The disorder is diagnosed by taking several tests, also the doctor will perform a physical exam. Some may require to stay in a sleeping center, where you go through an in-depth analysis of your sleep by sleep specialists. Doctors will ask you for a sleep history also for you to keep a record of your sleep patterns. Various cultures deal with the disorder differently, because they perform many different tests on the disorder. The symptoms vary across cultures, because symptoms are different for different people.

We have 4 different stages of sleep such as N1-light sleep, N2-sleep spindles, N3- Delta waves, and R- REM There are 8 different sleep disorders such as nightmares, night terrors, sleepwalking, insomnia, sleep apnea narcolepsy. It talks about the stages and

Parasomnia consists of various individual conditions, each with a different etiology and epidemiology, and can occur

The Merriam Webster defines sleep as the natural periodic suspension of consciousness during which the powers of the body are restored. Although many people don’t recognize the value of sleep, it is a very essential part of life. There are many differences between a night owl and an early riser. Research proves that there are many benefits as well as negative results to both sleeping habits.

Sleep disorder is a result of sleep deprivation that interferes with a person's social activities, work and even driving. Most of the sleep disorders are managed after proper diagnosis.

Sleep disorders have always surrounded me through family and friends. though I never suffered with any sort of sleeping disorder, I was well aware of how unnerving it can be toothless who suffer from it. I did not know all of the different types there were, and was intrigued when reading chapter three of my psychology book. I had assumed that nigh terrors, which I used to think were the same as nightmares, were over exaggerations of a person’s scary dream. Sleepwalking also held interesting facts that I didn’t know prior. Having a best friend who occasionally sleepwalks, I was always interested in why she would seldom remember both walking and talking. I also appreciated learning about sleep apnea because my father used to struggle with it and would worry my mom about his breathing when he was asleep.

Sample size: To observe a pressure difference of ± 2 cm WC for the observed mean oropharyngeal pressure during sleep, we required a sample size of 12 readings in each group for a two sided significance with a power of 80% and a Confidence Interval (CI) of 95%. Sample size was calculated based on the study by De Paoli et al10.

Sleep deprivation is a common issue among people around the world, and everyone has or will experience it in their life. Not getting enough sleep makes it difficult for the body to function properly. Insomnia is a well-known disorder, mainly known in the United States; one in ten adults suffers from this disorder (Kloc). There are many reasons why people end up with a sleeping disorder, and the most common reason is stress. When people do not have enough sleep they behave differently, and do not make the same choices as if they were fully rested. There are four stages of sleep. The fourth stage, REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is the most important stage of sleeping. A common side effect of BPD (Borderline Personality Disorder) is sleep

This is a prospective case series study that enrolled 66 children aged 5 − 18 years who were presented with nocturnal enuresis (NE). The study was conducted in two centers; Pediatric Sleep Centre (Rome, Italy) where 28 children enrolled and Alexandria Main University Hospital (Alexandria, Egypt) where 38 children enrolled. All children with evidence of urinary tract infection, urinary tract anatomical abnormalities, associated chromosomal syndromes, intellectual disabilities, major craniofacial abnormalities, epilepsy, psychological issues (e.g. death in the family, sexual abuse) or diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study. All the children primarily presented with NE and were screened for 1st time using sleep clinical record (SCR) for the possibility of OSA. Twelve Egyptian children (18.2%) refused to undergo the polysomnography study (PSG). Accordingly, 54 children (81.8%) agreed to perform the PSG and they were analyzed (figure 1). The diagnosis of OSA was confirmed in case of the presence of SBD symptoms in combination with obstructive apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 2 episodes/hour (h) according to European Respiratory Society Task Force published in 2016.(2) The protocol of study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the two countries and a written informed consent was obtained from the care-givers.