Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia (CDA)

Anemia is a disorder of the blood. It occurs when your body does not produce enough erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs). Without the erythrocytes oxygen can not be adequately delivered to the tissues and organs throughout the body. This will cause you to become weak and tired. A person may also experience headaches, skin pallor, and faintness. Your body may attempt to compensate for these symptoms by speeding up the heart rate and respiratory rate. This is the body’s attempt to return oxygen levels to normal(Thibodeau and Patton, 2005).

There is also three other forms of hemochromatosis Juvenile, neonatal, and transfusion. “Juvenile hemochromatosis is one type of form which affects young adults ages 15 to 30.” Then there is “neonatal hemochromatosis, which is when iron builds up very quickly in an infants liver and can cause death.” The third is transfusion related hemochromatosis which is a result of “iron overload cause by to many blood transfusions.”

Iron deficiency anemia, one of the most common types of anemia, is a blood disorder where

This anemia results in fatigue and a number of the following problems;pain episodes, strokes, susceptibility to bacterial infections, particularly in children, leg ulcers, bone damage, yellow eyes or jaundice, early gallstones, lung blockage, increased infections, kidney damage and loss of body water in urine, painful erections in men, blood blockage in the spleen or liver, eye damage, low red blood cell counts (anemia), and delayed growth.

Infection is more severe in infants because the majority do not receive the preventive antibiotics initiating dead. Red blood cells provide oxygen and nutrients for the growth of the body, this affects healthy cells by slowing the growth of the body. Visions disorder is another symptom causing the damage of the blood vessels that go to the eyes dislocating the retina which can lead to blindness. In addition, sings patients can present during sickle cell anemia are painful swelling of hands and feet, Fatigue, and a yellowish discoloration of the skin (jaundice), or whites of the eyes (icterus). Another common factor affecting the body of a sickle cell anemia person is brain complications; this occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked cells can die causing strokes. Some symptoms of a stroke can be the weakness of a lower or upper limb, trouble understanding, loss of balance and severe pain in the head. Mental health can be damaged with sickle cell anemia causing individuals to feel frustrated, sad or depressed. This can occur because people are not able to perform daily activities as others making them feel this

Sickle cell is a blood disease. People with sickle cell anemia have crescent moon shaped blood cells that are hard and sticky. When the Sickle cells move through blood tubes, they can clog blood flow and break apart. This can cause main, damage, and a low blood count. The symptoms of the disease are not life threatening, however are not enjoyable. Sickle cell anemia can cause you to experience dizziness, headaches, and shortness of breath. Your skin may also turn more yellow or pale than it usually is. Sickle cell is an inherited disease. It is an unpreventable disease that you are born with. If you have a sickle cell gene, you do not have sickle cell, however your children have a 25% chance of having sickle cell anemia. This blood disorder can cause pain and discomfort but it is unlikely that your life will be in danger if you have the disease.

Auto immune hemolytic anemia is a disorder where the body attacks itself. The body attacks and lysis its own red blood cells. The immune system recognizes the red blood cells as foreign invaders, targets them and destroys them. Red blood cells are either destroyed in the vessel as it circulates or when its circulates through the liver or spleen. Hemoglobin is released by the red blood cells and the liver is overworked as it tries to break it down. Oxygen is delivered to cells and tissue via hemoglobin and can cause symptoms such as lethargy, tachypnea, tachycardia, pale mucous membranes, and disorientation due to lack of oxygen. Vomiting and poor appetite can also be experienced symptoms. Auto immune hemolytic anemia is diagnosed with blood

Individuals having the “weak D” phenotype (Du) have low levels of expression of the D antigen. This phenotype is the result of an amino acid substitution that affects the insertion of the protein into the RBC membrane. However, all epitopes are present, so these individuals are not in danger of antibody formation following transfusion with D-positive blood. In contrast, in persons having the “partial D” phenotype, a hybrid protein that lacks several epitopes is produced. Therefore, if those having the “partial-D” phenotype receive D-positive blood, they may produce an immune response to the missing epitope, causing a transfusion reaction.

The type of anemia this patient has is Iron Deficiency Anemia. Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) has been revealed to be the greatest mutual foundation of anemia globally, and it is acknowledged that people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progress to anemia as their kidney function deteriorates (Wittwer, 2013).

“Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by poorly formed or dysfunctional blood cells.” (Mayo Clinic 2015) Myelodysplastic syndromes, also known as bone marrow failure syndromes, occur when the bone marrow is not doing its job of providing enough functional, healthy blood cells. These syndromes generally occur with geriatric patients, and are responsible for a host of issues such as abnormal bleeding, infection, bruising, and anemia. People with these syndromes generally present with some form of cytopenia, whether it be anemia, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia. MDS causes the cells produced to usually have shorter life spans, resulting in less mature blood cells making it out into the circulatory system. These cells tend to have abnormal shapes and appearances in addition to their failure to function correctly. MDS is a progressive disease, and generally is not considered terminal, although some patients will progress into acute myeloid leukemia as a result of the disease. Unlike some other syndromes, MDS is not inherited, and there are many risk factors that will be discussed later that can exacerbate this illness.

blood disorders, such as hemolytic anemia (the rupture or destruction of red blood cells that lead to a decreased amount of red blood cells in your circulation, which leads to fatigue and weakness)

The clinical presentation of patients with aplastic anemia includes symptoms related to the decrease in bone marrow production of hematopoietic cells. Specific manifestations include pallor, headache, palpitations, dyspnea, fatigue, or ankle edema (Porth, 2015). Signs and symptoms of aplastic anemia may include nosebleeds and bleeding gums, frequent or prolonged infections, and pharyngeal ulcerations. Patients with aplastic anemia commonly present with symptoms of pallor, headache, palpitations, dyspnea, easy bruising and fatigue (Porth, 2015). Other symptoms include visual disturbance due to retinal hemorrhage, petechial rashes, SOB with exertion, dizziness (Porth, 2015). Patients with aplastic anemia also present with jaundice and evidence of clinical hepatitis (Porth, 2015). Obtaining work history, solvent exposure, as well as a family, environmental, and infectious disease history (Musser, 2006). The clinical presentation of

According to WebM.D., “Anemia is the most common blood condition in the U.S. that affects about 3.5 million Americans.” Those that are at increased risk of anemia are young children, people with chronic diseases, and women. Anemia can be hereditary, and can affect babies at birth. Due to childbearing years and blood loss from menstruation, women are more prone to iron-deficiency anemia. Also many elderly people are susceptible of developing anemia due to poor diet and other medical problems. There are different types

Anemia is a condition that affects one’s blood where there are not enough healthy red blood cells (RBCs). When there aren’t enough RBCs, the cells in the body will not get enough oxygen. This is the most common blood condition in the US that affects over 3 million Americans. Some forms of anemia are hereditary;

The skin of the people with the trait will be pale and become yellowish which is also known as jaundice. There will be also the whites of the eye. The effect of this trait to biliary tree is the formation of stones by stuck bilirubin in gallbladder. Sickle cell intrahepatic cholestasis may occur in renal due to inadequate oxygen supply to liver tissue because sickle red cell block the blood vessel to the liver tissues. The avascular or aseptic necrosis is the pathological change in the bone where lead to inadequate oxygen flow to the bones and result in damage of the bone. The people will have pain in walking and other movement involving joint