Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects found in children, with an incidence of approximately nine in every 1000 live births worldwide (van der Linde et al., 2011). Children with complex CHD are living longer due to dramatic advances in medical procedures and surgical techniques (Berger et al., 2017), as well as the increase in number of pediatric heart transplant recipients over the past two decades (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2017), and the decrease
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Definition A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is one of the most common congenital heart defects. During fetus development, a gap occurs in the heart’s lower wall between two ventricular chambers and allows blood to pass through from the left to the right side of the heart. The blood rich with oxygen, pumped back to the lungs instead of out to the body and cause the heart to work harder than usual. Pathophysiology Ventricular septal defect cause the blood flow move
1) Introduction Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most prevalent of all birth defects and the leading cause of death in the first year of life, (1) with an annual prevalence ranging from six to twelve affected infants per 1,000 live births. (2) Several chronic maternal medical conditions, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, connective tissue disorders, and congenital heart disease confer an increased risk of CHD in the offspring. (3) Congenital cyanotic heart disease (CCHD) is a
Congenital heart defects are problems intrinsic to the heart that present at birth. They develop during fetal growth in utero mainly due to genetic malformations, environmental factors, and multifactorial reasons. The environment within which the fetus develops (the uterus) is a very crucial contribution to normal fetal growth and development. It is common to find disruptions within this microenvironment; the consequent effect being the disruption of normal growth and organ developments. The timing
ESTIMATION OF SALIVARY NITRIC OXIDE LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES INTRODUCTION Heart disease is one of the most common developmental abnormalities among children, affecting approximately 6 per 1,000 live births , .Dental management of children with congenital heart disease requires special attention, because of their increased susceptibility to infectious endocarditis, associated with bacteraemia induced by invasive dental procedures. Oral health in these patients is not given
murmur from a mechanistic view of the hearts physiological functioning? A heart murmur can be an indicator of a congenital heart defect (CHD). However, there are cases where a heart murmur does not indicate any pathological anomalies. Innocent or inorganic heart murmurs will not typically cause patients any problems, and are either accidental or functional (Begic et al., 2016). Organic heart murmurs are indicative of a heart defect or disease, congenital or acquired (Begic et al., 2016). If there
topic is very special to me. I was deeply involved with my uncle who suffered from severe heart disease. As no other family member was available to look after him. So, I looked after him and I passed through all that pain with him. Since then, I was very eager to study heart diseases and related topic. Cardiovascular Diseases: Cardiovascular diseases (additionally called heart disease) are the diseases of heart and vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins) or both. Cardiovascular diseases are the
referred to as heart failure) is a chronic, progressive cardiac syndrome in which a damaged heart fails to beat efficiently and deliver enough blood to meet the body's needs. Although coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause, for example, myocardial infarction, and many of the conditions are intertwined, there are several other causes of heart failure including cardiomyopathies, hypertension and valve disease. Cardiomyopathies can be caused by genetic disorders/defects, viral illness
Introduction Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are defects in the heart that are present from birth and affect 8 in every 1,000 newborns each year (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 2011). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common congenital disease of the heart (O’Hanlon and Pennell, 2009) and the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among apparently healthy athletes and younger generations (Maron, 1995; Maron and Maron, 2013). HCM is a condition in which there is abnormal
Blood Pressure 138/85 Cholesterol 5.2 mmol/L. Resting Heart Rate 80bpm (Figure 3) Analysis of client (L) results: Waist circumference: Client (L) has a waist of 42 inches, this puts him in the at risk category. Raised waist measurements are also risk factors for Type 2 diabetes. A waist circumference greater than 80cm (32in) for women and 94cm (37in) for men increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases - for example, heart attacks, stroke and diabetes. (hsph 2012) RMR. This indicates