Congenital Heart Disease Essay

Individuals with this disorder further acquire congenital heart defects. It specifically blocks off the natural blood flow from the lungs and right chamber of the heart and/or causes an anomalous gap in the barrier that divides the heart chambers in two. Another symptom of this disorder are the problems involved in the digestive system. People who have this syndrome are

Critical Congenital Heart Defect (CCHD) is a subgroup of congenital heart defects that normally necessitates surgical intervention or catheterization procedure during the neonatal period (Good, Canale, Goodman, & Yeager, 2015). According to Mahle et al. (2009), although there are measures taken to detect CCHD like prenatal ultrasound and comprehensive newborn physical examination during newborn’s birth hospitalization, there is still a significant percentage of newborns with CCHD that is left undetected and discharged home without being diagnosed. Delay in diagnosis of CCHD increases morbidity and mortality (Mahle et al., 2009). In response to this, Riede et al. (2010) mentioned that the diagnostic gap in CCHD could be bridged by screening newborns using pulse oximetry

Anomalous coronary arteries currently affect approximately 1% of the population. And due to the lack of frequency in which coronary anomalies occur, interest and ability to research these anomalies is lacking. The issue is that athletes, specifically young healthy athletes, are at large risk of death from coronary anomalies. In fact, anomalies cause 11.8% of deaths in amateur athletes. This has lead to a current increase in research of these anomalies. Coronary anomalies are typically present at birth, but due to their lack of symptoms they are rarely diagnosed. Encompassing a wide spectrum, these anomalies include but are not limited by: separation of the LAD and LC from the valsalva, absent left circumflex, ectopic origin of the RCA, small

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects found in children, with an incidence of approximately nine in every 1000 live births worldwide (van der Linde et al., 2011). Children with complex CHD are living longer due to dramatic advances in medical procedures and surgical techniques (Berger et al., 2017), as well as the increase in number of pediatric heart transplant recipients over the past two decades (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2017), and the decrease in the death rates from CHD, with this population now living into adulthood (Pillutla, Shetty, & Foster, 2008). Costs related to the care of children with CHD are greater than $5.6 billion dollars a year, with an average hospitalization costing

Risk for having CAD or established CAD, previous MI or heart failure with decreased ejection fraction and ventricular arrhythmias are the known risk factors for SCD[17, 136]. The estimated incidence rate of SCD in infants, children, adolescents, and young adults is about 1.3 to 8.5 per 100,000 patient/years [137] but it still costs to thousands life per year. Sudden infant death syndrome accounting for approximately 10% of the crib death is believed to be due to cardiac arrhythmia or long QT syndrome [138]. A study suggest that out of 158 deaths of American athletes, 30% were due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 13% due to abnormal blood circulation, 10% due to increased cardiac mass due to cardiomyopathy [139]. Another study suggest 20% death due to CAD and 10% deaths due to right ventricular cardiomyopathy/ dysplasia in young population [140]. Patients suffering from SCD with normal heart or without any cardiac disease history, on autopsy show structural abnormalities. Sudden unexplained deaths are also a major concern in epidemiology of SCD and careful post-mortem and histological examination can play a vital role [17]. In a study with 270 autopsies 55 were found to have structural heart disease and a specific cause for death were found in 180 cases with 65% having CAD, 14% with congenital anomalies and 11% with myocarditis. Left

Genetics is the only known cause for Shone’s complex, but may not always be the reasoning. The occurrence of these specific heart defects in future siblings is slightly increased, but not definite. There isn’t much history or research yet for this disease, as there aren’t many people living with Shone’s. Since 1999, there have been les than 50 reported cases of Shone’s complex in the medical literature (chdbabies.com). On the contrary, congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common anomalies at birth in humans, with moderate and severe forms observed in about 6 per 1000 live births. Long-term outcomes are only possible if treated early in life. Infants with significant coarctation who do not undergo surgical intervention usually do not survive. Pulmonary hypertension may be a chronic problem requiring medications to manage. Growth and developmental outcomes vary depending on the severity of the

A little girl by the name of Jaelyn was born with congenital heart disease (CHD). Jaelyn’s parents learned about her condition called Ebstein’s Anomaly during a fetal echocardiogram when her mother was only 30 weeks pregnant. The doctors and nurses at Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital monitored Jaelyn in-utero to watch for hydrops (heart failure) and other indications her heart disease was affecting her growth. Jaelyn went into heart failure just five weeks later when her mother was only 35 weeks pregnant. She was given a 5% chance of survival due to the severity of her defect. The family was also told Jaelyn would not survive past her first birthday; she turns five in March. When Jaelyn was born, her entire family was afraid she wouldn’t survive the delivery, but thankfully, Jaelyn’s story is a true miracle. When the doctors see Jaelyn during routine checkups and physician visits, they can’t believe she has Ebstein’s Anomaly because for how far she has come and how healthy she looks. Sadly, not every child with congenital heart disease gets the miracle Jaelyn has been given. Congenital heart disease has many causes that impact the child and

A cardiac nuclear scan is a test that checks the heart for problems, such as:

Other forms of secondary restrictive cardiomyopathy include scleroderma, Friedreich’s Ataxia, hemochromatosis, glycogen storage disease and sarcoidosis. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy used to treat cancer can also cause restrictive cardiomyopathy. Sarcoidosis is caused by the infiltration of granulomas in the heart and other tissues of the body. Lungs and lymph nodes are the main organs targeted by this disease, but no organ is spared as it also affects the central nervous system and skin. In the USA, the occurrence in the white population is estimated to be 11 per 100,000. It affects people between the ages of 20 to 30 years and occurs more in women than in men (Dubrey, Bell, Mittal, 2007). Hemochromatosis is caused by the buildup of iron in the heart tissue which can then lead to heart arrhythmias. Scleroderma is a disorder of the connective tissue that leads to fibrosis of the skin, heart and lungs. Glycogen storage disease, also named Pompe’s affects infants. It causes increased storage of glycogen and fat tissue in the body. This causes the heart then to become very heavy and thick. Infants tend to struggle to breath, have trouble feeding and fail to meet developmental steps on time like rolling over and sitting up.

A heart murmur can be an indicator of a congenital heart defect (CHD). However, there are cases where a heart murmur does not indicate any pathological anomalies. Innocent or inorganic heart murmurs will not typically cause patients any problems, and are either accidental or functional (Begic et al., 2016). Organic heart murmurs are indicative of a heart defect or disease, congenital or acquired (Begic et al., 2016). If there changes, such as a narrowing, in the heart valves, muscle, or blood vessels, a heart murmur can occur (Bergic et al., 2016). With these changes, the velocity of blood flow becomes altered due to the size of the opening the blood must

He presented with chest pain and was admitted as a case of unstable angina. A nuclear stress test was done and showed small antero-septal ischemia and Moderate inferior wall ischemia. LHC done showed 90% ostium stenosis of the Left main artery, Coronary artery bypass graft was done with a left side drain in place. He was transferred to the Coronary care unit. 24hrs after surgery patient initially had tachycardia in 120s as well as shortness of breath and then started to complain of decreased vision which progressed to only

Cine MRI provides superior endocardial border definition to echocardiography, for a more accurate wall motion assessment (11). The technician can calculate left ventricular function manually, or with a semi-automated setting. Similar to echocardiography, the Simpson disk method can be used with the MRI cine to trace the endocardial boarders (7). However, with cardiac MRI this method is done in a short axis view and applied to each individual slice giving a 3D left ventricular volume. By tracing the entire cavity, there is no need to make assumptions as to the shape and size (7). The addition of cine images to MRI has proven to be a valuable diagnostic imaging advancement as it has increased the specificity for diagnosis of ischemic myocardium to 87%

Congenital heart defect is very dangerous because it means that, that person was born with damage to a part of their heart. Heart is one of the main component that is required for blood pressure because it is responsible for pumping blood and delivering various substances. Usual congenital heart disease tends to run in the family and is common in kids with down syndrome there’s no specific reason as to why congenital heart disease happen. Malignant hypertension is just a sudden raise of high blood pressure. This can happen to a patient who has damage to an organ. For example patient who have has a sudden spinal cord injury will most likely has many things going on but malignant hypertension will be one of the

A coronary artery anomaly (CAA) is defined as a congenital coronary artery malformation in the absence of other congenital cardiac defects. As we continue to lack a screening tool to diagnose CAAs, catheter-directed angiography remains the gold standard both for diagnosis and treatment of CAAs. Intervening CAAs continues to remain a complicated task even in the hands of experienced operators. The greatest challenged faced in the management of CAAs is a delay in recognition largely due to the element of surprise associated with their low prevalence. Other major factors which pose a challenge during CAA interventions are the location of the coronary ostium within the aorta, the proximal course of the vessel, and angulation of the vessel. We discuss

Each year approximately 40,000 babies are born in the United States with congenital heart defect. Thousands of them will not reach their first birthday and thousands more die before they reach adulthood according to a fact sheet in the children’s Heart foundation. (The Children’s Heart Foundation, 2012.) Researchers such as doctors in University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine are trying as of today are trying to find ways where they decrease that amount to help prevent or heal Congenital heart diseases in infants. Doctors, scientist today is starting studies