Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Around 10 days after you get the measles infection, the following symptoms begin to appear:

Facts and figures available to study the epidemiological data for the outbreak of measles include gathering suspected and confirmed cases of this disease from the World Health Organization. This is done by gathering serum samples from all suspected cases to determine if a measles specific immunoglobulin antibody is detected. This particular disease lives in the nose and throat of the infected individual and is considered contagious for a period of four days before the rash appears and for a further four days after the sighting of the rash.

In early April 2013 a measles outbreak was discovered in North Carolina. By mid-May the outbreak had been identified in Stokes and Orange Counties via 23 active cases. Every case was linked back to a family that had spent 3 months in India and had not been vaccinated. By the 16th of April the state laboratory of Public Health was able to confirm the diagnosis, with the last known case being confirmed on May 7th. The investigation of this outbreak revealed 4 patients with a confirmed diagnosis that had received one of vaccination of the two part series. The other 19 cases had not ever been vaccinated.

Measles is a very contagious disease that is caused by a virus in the paramyxovirus family (World Health Organization, 2016). Measles, a virus only found in humans, can be passed through the air or by direct contact. It can be spread by sneezing, coughing, close personal contact or direct contact with infected nasal or throat secretions. The virus enters the body via mucous membranes and then it is carried throughout the body. Usually when someone has been exposed to measles, the first sign will be a high fever beginning about a week and a half after the exposure and

(Center For Disease Control).Those at greatest risk for contracting the disease are individuals who do not vaccinate or children to young to receive the vaccine. Signs and symptoms of measles include high fevers up to 104 degrees Fahrenheit, rash, cough, conjunctivitis and runny nose. Many other complications may evolve once a person is infected with measles some being otitis media and pneumonia. The infected person is contagious roughly about 4 days prior to the rash forming and for about 4-5 days after the rash disappears. Most people that have died from the disease did not die from measles but the complications of measles and secondary illnesses. (The History Of Vaccines).

There are no symptoms in about 50% of the people infected with the disease. Symptoms that may show up would include: a mild fever, swollen glands, a rash spreading from the face to the body, and aching joints (typically in younger women). (2) (4) The disease is primarily dangerous for a fetus. Rubella can cause birth defects and, in some cases, miscarriage. Coughing or sneezing helps to spread the rubella virus, and even asymptomatic individuals can spread it. It is suggested to get a lot of rest and drink plenty of fluids when you have the disease. It might also be helpful to take pain relievers, including acetaminophen and aspirin, to help with the fevers and inflammation. There are about seven days, starting from the onset of the rash, that people are contagious. They need to be isolated from people who are not immunized, as well as coworkers and students from school. (3) Each defect caused by CRS (congenital rubella syndrome) requires a different treatment, and each treatment is specific for a certain defect. (3) The rubella vaccine is the most common prevention used for rubella. The vaccine has seen widespread use, and it has been preventing outbreaks and birth defects due to CRS for years. Children between the ages of twelve and fifteen usually receive the vaccine as part of their MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine. Once they reach four to six, they receive the

With the nonexistence of basic hygiene, such as adequate drinking water, unsatisfactory toilet and shower facilities, there have been many reported deaths due to the spreading of diseases and infections. There are also high rates of STI’s and HIV transmission reported in the camps due to the lack of security, as rape of women is common, and the insufficient access to health services (Unite for Sight, 2015).

According to the Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine Preventable Diseases textbook aka “The Pink Book” (2015) which was produced jointly by the Communication and Education Branch, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Measles is a paramyxovirus with the primary site of infection in the nasopharynx. It has an incubation period of 10-12 days. The first symptoms to occur are fevers (increasing stepwise 103-105 degrees), cough, runny nose and conjunctivitis approximately 2-3 days after exposure and last 2-4 days. The second part of the infection occurs approximately 14 days after exposure; which is evidence by Koplik spots on the oral mucosa. Then, 1-2 days later, a maculopapular rash develops along the hair line, face,

with pus. On day twelve the blisters start to get hard and crust over and stomach pain starts and confusion starts to occur. On the third or forth week the blisters start to fall of and leave big nasty scars all over. If not treated the long term affects of the virus include blindness and deformed hands and feet. It kills 3 out of every 10 people it infects. After you get vaccinated on the third or forth day after vaccination a red itchy bump will start to appear it is called the vaccination cite. The bump becomes a blister and will then begin to fill with pus then will later drain. A health care worker should check to see

Research done by the Centres for Disease Control and Protection (CDC) has shown that the MMR vaccine, or the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, is 93% effective against measles after one dosage, and 97% effective after two doses. Moreover, the Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine is shown to be 98% effective after two doses, and the hepatitis B vaccine is shown to be over 90% effective in infants, children and adults alike. Despite the fact that the aforementioned vaccines aren’t 100 percent effective, their high success rates still prove that vaccines are extremely effective, thus making them essential to maintaining children’s

When children or young people are unwell or injured inform the designated first aider, ensure the surrounding environment is safe. Assess signs and symptoms and take appropriate action and inform parent/carers. For e.g. a child is not acting themselves, feels hot to touch. Then remove clothing as necessary, use a cold flannel to cool them down. Make them comfortable and take their temperature. Ensure this is recorded in an incident log. Inform the parent/carer that the child is unwell and to come and collect them if

Usually a person doesn’t start to get symptoms of measles until they have been infected with the virus for 7-11 days. The symptoms are:

Measles is an airborne disease that is spread through respiration (contact with fluids from an infected person's nose and mouth, either directly or through aerosol transmission (coughing or sneezing)), and is highly contagious—90% of people without immunity sharing living space with an infected person will catch it.[4] An asymptomatic incubation period occurs nine to twelve days from initial exposure. The period of infectivity has not been definitively established, some saying it lasts from two to four days prior, until two to five days following the onset of the rash (i.e., four to nine days infectivity in total), whereas others say it lasts from two to four days prior until the complete disappearance of the rash. The rash usually appears

c) The World Health Organization (WHO) reported 158,000 measles deaths in 2011. That is 430 deaths consistently. The measles virus is especially contagious; sullied droplets, spread through hacking and sniffling, stay alive and irresistible outside the body for up to two hours. Assessments say that 90 percent of non-resistant individuals presented to the virus will get the sickness. On the off chance that

Patients that are contracted by this disease don’t actually become ill until about 7-18 day after they are infected by the virus(Carson-DeWitt). The most contagious time period is the three to five days before symptoms begin through about four days after the characteristic measles rash has begun to appear(Carson-DeWitt). A few days after the first few symptoms, a rash appears in the mouth, mainly on the mucous membrane that lines the cheeks(Carson-DeWitt). The rash is made of tiny white dots on