Congress Rule 1937

On April 9, 1946, Muslim League's Central and Provincial Legislators had requested through a determination that the six territories of Bengal and Assam in upper east and Punjab, N.W.F.P, Sindh and Baluchistan in the northwest be constituted into a sovereign and the autonomous condition of

district. The CCF won only 5 seats in the Federal election in 1935. Douglas made a

In 1939 World War II broke out in Europe. Britain proclaimed India’s involvement in the war without consulting the Indian people. This led to increased protest and volatility. In 1942 India established a national army and proposed the Quit India Movement. This movement promised to lend Indian military support to Britain in return for complete independence. If they refused this treaty the Indian people promised civil disobedience. In 1947 India was granted its independence and became self governing (Luscombe, 2012). On January 26, 1950 the Republic of India was proclaimed and it drafted a constitution. The first democratic elections were held in 1952. However the Hindus and Muslims were not united and colonial India was divided into Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India (History, 2010).

Muslims feared that if Hindus acquired the party, they would be inclined to hire only Hindus for governmental jobs like policeman. This meant they would also control the

Thank you for contacting me about the idea of the Congressional Reform Act, sometimes referred to as the 28th Amendment. I appreciate you taking the time to share your concerns with me.

The English were quick to inspire Indians to bolster the war exertion. In August 1940 the Emissary, Ruler Linlithgow, made an offer to the Muslim Class. He guaranteed that there would be no official conclusion on another constitution for India without the understanding of the Muslims. Be that as it may, he neglected to consent to equivalent or lion's share Muslim enrollment on the proposed Guard Chamber. The Muslim Group turned down the 'August offer' and the vast majority of its individuals surrendered their positions in the focal and common governments.

In the 1971 national elections, The Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, had a major success, winning 160 seats as well as majority of the national assembly. Rahman demanded independence for East Pakistan, as well as the right to form a government.

Source 16 is a lot more one sided compared to source 15. Source 16 mainly believes that it is British imperialism that is preventing Indian Independence. This source is from W.O. Simpson, from ‘changing horizons’, which was published in 1986. One of the most obvious quotes backing up the hatred towards British Imperialism is, “The idea, and the Government of India Act that emerged on 1935, was strongly opposed by one faction in the Conservative Party, which formed itself into the Imperial Defence League.” This Defence League tried to prevent the Act being passed but it was unsuccessful in its efforts, and the Act was passed. “The Act was attacked both in Britain for going too far”. If Britain didn’t go as far as they did with the act they would have had a more successful reign. In this source there is a quote that suggests that divisions within India that was stopping Indian Independence. “in India for not going far enough”. This quote suggests that India didn’t believe the Act wasn’t taken out as much as they would have liked. Round table conferences did prove that congress didn’t speak for all of India, and due to the minority of the Muslims in India the 1937 elections were very nerve racking for the Muslims. If Congress came into power they would have been in a very bad situation. The Muslim League needed to win over all of the Muslims and make sure the trials can become fair.

The next major step toward independence occurred with the founding of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 at Bombay. Despite claims of secularism and religious toleration, the INC was a mostly Hindu organization, and in 1906, the Muslim League was formed. Together, they represented the public opinion for swaraj, or self-rule, and served as a way for Indians to participate in politics in response to rising Indian nationalism. One of their first campaigns was the swadeshi movement, a boycott of British products in favor of Indian domestic goods, which won them autonomy at the provincial level.

Lucknow Pact was an agreement to an arrangement of sacred changes came to in the middle of Congress and the Muslim League. The Montague Chelmsford Reforms set up authoritative committees in the regions with an arrangement of diarchy. The Nehru Report looked to domain status and no requirement for discrete electorates. Both understood that co-operation was the only way to get the British government to agree to self-rule. Surprisingly Hindus recognized that Muslims had the privilege to a different electorate and was therefore seen as a beacon of hope for the future. The Montague Chelmsford Reforms proceeded with this hope by establishing legislative

Through the study of human history it is evident authoritative and monarch governments prevailed as legitimate authorities but with careful considerations these political systems were seen as inaccurate by many. New political systems, functions and responsibilities soon began to surface. Democracy was among these new political systems and argues for the influence of citizens in politics and the protection of rights (Dahl, 1998, p. 44). Democracy can be found through many political systems around the world particularly in first world countries such as Canada and the United States of America. Fortunately the notions of democracy can also be found in some developing countries such as India. ¬¬¬Although democratic views and notions are found throughout Indian politics and its associated practices India does not prove to be completely democratic in relation to Robert Dahl’s criteria of democracy highlighted in his book, On Democracy. Robert Dahl, a political scientist and professor, sets up 5 criteria of democracy that includes effective participation, voting equality, enlightened understanding, inclusion and control of agenda (Dahl, 1998, p. 36-7). He argues that a sense of true democracy is founded when all 5 criteria of democracy are fulfilled (Dahl, 1998, p. 36). Unfortunately India is unable to accommodate the criteria of voting equality and effective participation due to its

To stand up to the Muslim League, Quaid-e-azam was manhandled by the Congress press and they termed his interest for Pakistan as the "vivisection of Mother India", "reactionary primitivism" and "religious savageness". The Congress attempted to stamp Muslim League as a ultra conservativr Circle Of Knights, Khan Bahadurs, Opbsequious and Government Pensioners.The Congress attempted to acquire all the help from the Central Muslim's and the Provincial parties` who had some refinement between the Muslim League, and bolstered them in races. Both The Congress and The Muslim League showed distinctive saying amid tehir races crusade. The Muslim League proposed an one point statement "on the off chance that you need Pakistan, vote in favor of the Muslim League". Quaid-e-Azam himself headed out all of India to unite Muslim group under the banner of the Mulim

By the nineteenth century the Indian National Congress (I.N.C.) had been formed and were in union demanding equal opportunities from colonial rule. In attempt to counter out the increasing Hindu educated class, the British sought to make Muslims their allies. This failed but triggered Islamic feeling that in order to protect their culture in the increasingly Hindu I.N.C., believed the Muslims should have their own Islamic state.

At first, the aim of the Muslim League was to establish friendly relations between the Muslims and the British Crown. After the Royal decision of the annulment of the partition of Bengal in 1911, Muslim League saw that in order to get their requests dealt with, they need to form relations with the Congress, the representative party of Hindus. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the member of Congress, also joined the Muslim League in 1913. After witnessing the annulment, he worked on a pact to unite Muslims and Hindus which was eventually signed on 30th of December, 1916 at Lucknow.

The post-independence era of India saw the appearance of the congress party as the first even party to form a government also India’s Predominance of congress at nationalism that it brought along itself, thereby giving congress a national identity whose legacy could not be challenged by the merge opposition. Uttar Pradesh due to its sheer size and historical importance has always remained to be a key state within the Indian union. The first UP assembly was held in 1951-52. Congress kept on changing ministers to an extent that UP saw the change of five chief ministers in 15 years including the first woman CM Sucheta Kriplani. Fresh elections were called in 1969 after the fall of Charan singh’s government that persisted less than a year.